DH2013 - Track 1
Permanent URI for this collection
Track 1, Full Papers
A Methodology for Updating 3D Solid Models of Complex Monumental Structures Based on Local Point-based Meshes
[meta data] [files:
Zvietcovich, Fernando
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Castaneda, Benjamin
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Perucchio, Renato
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Morales, Ricardo
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Uceda, Santiago
Track 1, Full Papers
Faithful, Compact and Complete Digitization of Cultural Heritage using a Full-Spherical Scanner
[meta data] [files:
Nöll, Tobias
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Köhler, Johannes
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Reis, Gerd
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Stricker, Didier
Track 1, Full Papers
Global refinement of image-to-geometry registration for color projection on 3D models
[meta data] [files:
Dellepiane, Matteo
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Scopigno, Roberto
Track 1, Full Papers
Surface Light Field from Video Acquired in Uncontrolled Settings
[meta data] [files:
Palma, Gianpaolo
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Desogus, Nicola
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Cignoni, Paolo
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Scopigno, Roberto
Track 1, Full Papers
Improving the digitization of shape and color of 3D artworks in a cluttered environment
[meta data] [files:
Bettio, Fabio
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Gobbetti, Enrico
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Merella, Emilio
;
Pintus, Ruggero
Track 1, Full Papers
Dense Image Matching: comparisons and analyses
[meta data] [files:
Remondino, Fabio
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Nocerino, Erica
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Menna, Fabio
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Nex, Francesco
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Spera, Maria Grazia
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Gonizzi-Barsanti, Sara
Track 1, Full Papers
Reverse Engineering of Scale Models Using Dataflow Programming: Application to the fortification of plans-reliefs
[meta data] [files:
Jacquot, Kevin
;
Chevrier, Christine
;
Gilles, Halin
Track 1, Full Papers
Low-cost mobile system for multispectral cultural heritage data acquisition
[meta data] [files:
Blazek, Jan
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Soukup, Jindrich
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Tichý, Tomás
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Zitova, Barbara
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Hradilová, Janka
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Flusser, Jan
Track 1, Full Papers
Feature-based automatic 3D registration for cultural heritage applications
[meta data] [files:
Tombari, Federico
;
Remondino, Fabio
Track 1, Full Papers
Characterization of European Lacquers by terahertz (THz) reflectometric imaging
[meta data] [files:
Dandolo, Corinna Ludovica Koch
;
Jepsen, Peter Uhd
Track 1, Full Papers
Underwater photogrammetry for archaeology and marine biology.40 years of experience in Marseille, France
[meta data] [files:
Drap, Pierre
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Merad, Djamel
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Seinturier, Julien
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Mahiddine, Amine
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Peloso, Daniela
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Boi, Jean-Marc
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Long, Luc
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Garrabou, Joaquim
Track 1, Full Papers
Nondestructive Investigation of the Internal Structure of Fresco Paintings
[meta data] [files:
Fukunaga, Kaori
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Meldrum, Tyler
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Zia, Wasif
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Ohno, Misao
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Fuchida, Takeshi
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Bluemich, Bernhard
Track 1, Full Papers
Monitoring and conservation of archaeological wooden elements from ship wrecks using 3D digital imaging
[meta data] [files:
Bandiera, Adriana
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Alfonso, Cristiano
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Auriemma, Rita
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Bartolo, Maurizio Di
Track 1, Full Papers
3D documentation and monitoring of the experimental cleaning operations in the underwater archaeological site of Baia (Italy)
[meta data] [files:
Bruno, Fabio
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Gallo, Alessandro
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Filippo, Francesco De
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Muzzupappa, Maurizio
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Davidde, Barbara
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Caputo, Paolo
Track 1, Full Papers
Realistic Virtual Reproductions. Image-based modelling of geometry and appearance
[meta data] [files:
Martos, Antonio
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Ruiz, Bernardino
Track 1, Full Papers
Cutting-edge technologies for the survey and documentation of cultural heritage: the case study of the architectural-archaeological area of Aruch in Armenia
[meta data] [files:
Versaci, Antonella
;
Cardaci, Alessio
Track 1, Full Papers
Design and implement a reality-based 3D digitisation and modelling project
[meta data] [files:
Remondino, Fabio
;
Menna, Fabio
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Koutsoudis, Anestis
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Chamzas, Christos
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El-Hakim, Sabry
Track 1, Full Papers
3D documentation of Cultural Heritage artefacts: from data acquisition to virtual conservation and restoration
[meta data] [files:
Athanasiou, Eleni
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Faka, Marina
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Hermon, Sorin
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Vassallo, Valentina
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Yakoupi, Kyriaki
Track 1, Full Papers
Multi-scalar 3D digitization of Cultural Heritage using a low-cost integrated approach
[meta data] [files:
Manferdini, Anna Maria
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Russo, Michele
Track 1, Full Papers
Replicating perishable artefacts. A project for analysis and exhibition of Early Medieval objects from the Byzantine village at Scorpo (Supersano, Italy)
[meta data] [files:
Bandiera, Adriana
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Arthur, Paul
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Imperiale, Marco Leo
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Maffezzoli, Alfonso
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Frigione, Mariaenrica
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Montagna, Francesco
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Signore, Grazia Maria
Track 1, Full Papers
3D Reconstruction of an outdoor archaeological site through a multi-view stereo technique
[meta data] [files:
Muzzupappa, Maurizio
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Gallo, Alessandro
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Spadafora, Francesco
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Manfredi, Felix
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Bruno, Fabio
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Marca, Antonio La
Track 1, Short Papers
A Low-Cost Portable 3D Laser Scanning System with Aptness from Acquisition to Visualization
[meta data] [files:
Banerjee, Sumandeep
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Biswas, Prabir Kumar
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Bhowmick, Partha
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Dutta, Somnath
Track 1, Short Papers
On-the-fly automatic alignment and global registration of free path collected 3D scans
[meta data] [files:
Signoroni, Alberto
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Bonarrigo, Francesco
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Pezzotti, Nicola
Track 1, Short Papers
Measuring Changes in Cultural Heritage Objects with Reflectance Transform Imaging
[meta data] [files:
Manfredi, Marcello
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Williamson, Greg
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Kronkright, Dale
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Doehne, Eric
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Bearman, Gregory
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Jacobs, Megan
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Marengo, Emilio
Track 1, Short Papers
Quick textured mesh generation for massive 3D digitization of museum artifacts
[meta data] [files:
Gonizzi, Sara
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Micoli, Laura L.
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Guidi, Gabriele
Track 1, Short Papers
Anomaly Detection using Remote Sensing for the Archaeological Heritage Registration
[meta data] [files:
Rejas, Juan Gregorio
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Burillo, Francisco
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Bonatti, Javier
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MartÃnez, Rubén
Track 1, Short Papers
Comparing 3D digitising technologies: where are the differences?
[meta data] [files:
Mathys, Aurore
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Brecko, Jonathan
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Semal, Patrick
Track 1, Short Papers
Orthophoto mapping and digital surface modeling for archaeological excavations. An image-based 3D modeling approach
[meta data] [files:
Reu, Jeroen De
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Clercq, Wim De
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Laloo, Pieter
Track 1, Short Papers
On the 3D Documentation of the Igel Column Original and Copy. Structured 3D Survey and Analytical 3D Information System
[meta data] [files:
Schaich, Martin
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Jahnke, Peter
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Knechtel, Sebastian
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Rahrig, Max
Track 1, Short Papers
Cultural heritage documentation using geomatic techniques; Case study: San Basilio s monastery
[meta data] [files:
Dominici, Donatella
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Rosciano, Elisa
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Alicandro, Maria
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Elaiopoulos, Michail
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Trigliozzi, Serena
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Massimi, Vincenzo
Track 1, Short Papers
Temporal Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Visualize the Archaeological Excavation Process
[meta data] [files:
Srour, David
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Richter, Ashley
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Levy, Thomas
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Kuester, Falko
Track 1, Short Papers
3D Laser Scanning in Cave Environment: the Case of Las Cuevas, Belize. Acquisition of the Cave System and Excavation Area
[meta data] [files:
Lindgren, Stefan
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Galeazzi, Fabrizio
Track 1, Short Papers
Integrated method for tracking changes in archeo-landscapes using remote and close-range technologies
[meta data] [files:
Agapiou, Athos
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Cuca, Branka
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Themistocleous, Kyriakos
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Alexakis, Dimitiros D.
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Hadjimitsis, Diofantos G.
Track 1, Short Papers
3D Reconstruction of the Cave of the Great Pyramid from Video Footage
[meta data] [files:
Kawae, Yukinori
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Yasumuro, Yoshihiro
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Kanaya, Ichiroh
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Chiba, Fumito
Track 1, Short Papers
Digital Production of Traditional Costumes
[meta data] [files:
Kang, Yeonkyung
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Wu, Sehee
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Ko, Young-A
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Martin, Kathi
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Ko, Hyeong-Seok
Track 1, Short Papers
GNSS role in planning and conductance of terrain archaeological survey: technical aspects and methodology
[meta data] [files:
Stamenov, Stefan
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Naydenova, Vanya
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Recent Submissions
Item A Methodology for Updating 3D Solid Models of Complex Monumental Structures Based on Local Point-based Meshes(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Zvietcovich, Fernando; Castaneda, Benjamin; Perucchio, Renato; Morales, Ricardo; Uceda, Santiago; -Structural changes introduced during the life of monuments contribute to produce complex geometrical configurations that cannot be properly represented in standard solid modeling systems designed for current engineering applications such as finite element analysis (FEA). Likewise, point-based 3D meshes laser-scanner or photogrammetric , although capable of constructing detailed representation of surfaces, cannot be used for direct application in structural analysis because they do not produce complete and unambiguous solid models. To tackle this issue, we merged these two approaches into a unified methodology capable of updating a 3D solid model, representing the entire monument as reconstructed in its presumed original configuration, with information from a 3D mesh model containing a detailed geometrical description of the recent structural state of a specific sector of the same monument. The methodology is based on a series of functions that operate in the Mesh and Solid Modeling Space. The mesh model is aligned via 3D registration and, subsequently, segmented for its conversion to a solid model. Finally, this solid updates the solid representation of the entire monument via Boolean operations. We test the procedure on the Main Platform of the Huaca de la Luna, Trujillo, Peru, one of the most important massive earthen structures of the Moche civilization. Solid models are defined in AutoCAD while 3D meshes are constructed via the photogrammetric program Agisoft PhotoScan. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is effective at transferring complex geometrical and topological features from the mesh to the solid modeling space. The updated solid model can be represented and visualized in any standard CAD software, and utilized for FEA and augmented reality applications.Item Faithful, Compact and Complete Digitization of Cultural Heritage using a Full-Spherical Scanner(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Nöll, Tobias; Köhler, Johannes; Reis, Gerd; Stricker, Didier; -Effective documentation and display of ancient objects is an essential task in the field of cultural heritage conservation. Digitization plays an important role for the process of creating, preserving and accessing objects in digital space. Up to the present day, industrial scanners are used for this task that focus mainly on the detailed reconstruction of the object's geometry only. However, important for a faithful digital presentation of the object is in particular the appearance information, i.e. a description of the used materials and how they interact with incident light. Using the worlds first full-spherical scanner, we propose a user friendly reconstruction process that is specifically tailored to the needs for digitizing and representing cultural heritage artifacts. More precisely, our hardware specifically addresses the problem that invaluable or fragile artifacts may not be turned over during acquisition. Nevertheless, we can digitize the object completely including its bottom. Further, by integrating appearance information into our digitization we achieve a far more faithful digital replica with a quality comparable to a real picture of the object. But in contrast to a static picture, our representation allows to interactively change the viewing and lighting directions freely. In addition, the results are very memory efficient, consuming only several MB per scanned object and hence are suited to be accessed and visualized interactively in a web browser. In cooperation with museums and a private collector, we digitized several cultural heritage artifacts in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed process.Item Global refinement of image-to-geometry registration for color projection on 3D models(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Dellepiane, Matteo; Scopigno, Roberto; -The management, processing and visualization of color information is a critical subject in the context of the acquisition and visualization of real objects. Especially in the context of Cultural Heritage, artifacts are so complex or hard-to-handle that the appearance information has to be extracted from a set of images. The images usually have to be registered to the 3D model of the objects, in order to transfer the needed information. Hence, the problem of image-to-geometry registration has been thoroughly studied by the Computer Graphics and Computer Vision community. Several methods have been proposed, but a fully automatic and generic solution is still missing. Moreover, small misalignments often lead to visible artifacts in the final colored 3D models. In this paper, we propose a method to refine the alignment of a group of images which has been already registered to a 3D model. Taking advantage of the overlapping among the images, and applying a statistical global method based on Mutual Information, the registration error is distributed among all the elements of the dataset. Hence, the quality of color projection is improved, especially when dealing with small details. The method was tested on a number of heterogeneous Cultural Heritage objects, bringing to a visible improvement in the rendering quality. The method is fully automatic, and it does not need powerful hardware or long processing time. Hence, it represents a valid solution for a wide application on CH artifacts.Item Surface Light Field from Video Acquired in Uncontrolled Settings(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Palma, Gianpaolo; Desogus, Nicola; Cignoni, Paolo; Scopigno, Roberto; -This paper presents an algorithm for the estimation of the Surface Light Field using video sequences acquired moving the camera around the object. Unlike other state of the art methods, it does not require a uniform sampling density of the view directions, but it is able to build an approximation of the Surface Light Field starting from a biased video acquisition: dense along the camera path and completely missing in the other directions. The main idea is to separate the estimation of two components: the diffuse color, computed using statistical operations that allow the estimation of a rough approximation of the direction of the main light sources in the acquisition environment; the other residual Surface Light Field effects, modeled as linear combination of spherical functions. From qualitative and numerical evaluations, the final rendering results show a high fidelity and similarity with the input video frames, without ringing and banding effects.Item Improving the digitization of shape and color of 3D artworks in a cluttered environment(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Bettio, Fabio; Gobbetti, Enrico; Merella, Emilio; Pintus, Ruggero; -We propose an approach for improving the digitization of shape and color of 3D artworks in a cluttered environment using 3D laser scanning and flash photography. In order to separate clutter from acquired material, semi-automated methods are employed to generate masks for segment the 2D range maps and the color photographs, removing unwanted 3D and color data prior to 3D integration. Sharp shadows generated by flash acquisition are trivially handled by this masking process, and color deviations introduced by the flash light are corrected at color blending time by taking into account the object geometry. The approach has been applied to, and evaluated on, a large scale acquisition campaign of the Mont'e Prama complex, an extraordinary collection of stone fragments from the Nuragic era, depicting larger-than-life archers, warriors, boxers, as well as small models of prehistoric nuraghe (cone-shaped stone towers). The acquisition campaign has covered 36 statues mounted on metallic supports, acquired at 0.25mm resolution, resulting in over 6200 range scans (over 1.3G valid samples) and 3426 10Mpixel photographs.Item Dense Image Matching: comparisons and analyses(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Remondino, Fabio; Nocerino, Erica; Menna, Fabio; Nex, Francesco; Spera, Maria Grazia; Gonizzi-Barsanti, Sara; -The paper presents a critical review and analysis of dense image matching algorithms. The analyzed algorithms stay in the commercial as well open-source domains. The employed datasets include scenes pictured in terrestrial and aerial blocks, acquired with convergent and parallel-axis images and different scales. Geometric analyses are reported, comparing the dense point clouds with ground truth data.Item Reverse Engineering of Scale Models Using Dataflow Programming: Application to the fortification of plans-reliefs(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Jacquot, Kevin; Chevrier, Christine; Gilles, Halin; -Despite the progress in three-dimensional scanning, some architectural artifacts remain a digitizing challenge. Scale models and more especially the plans-reliefs of Louis XIV of France have specific characteristics such as size, scale, number, etc. A knowledge-based modeling approach is developed to address the limitations of digitizing tools. Our study deals with the fortified areas of the scale models. Bastioned fortification works extend over wide areas but they are built according to design rules. Once studied and organized, fortification knowledge has been used to create a library of parametric components. Implemented in Grasshopper, the components were manually adjusted to different practical cases. The library was then validated and we are now focusing on the automation of the adjustments of the components. Thereupon a reverse-engineering approach has been set up. Semantic segmentation algorithms have been defined and implemented in Grasshopper to automatically extract fortification features from 3D surveys based on the knowledge of fortification design rules. Along with the three-dimensional modeling of fortification, an automatic reconstruction of the city parts of the scale models is underway. Both these studies are part of a project aimed at valorizing and diffusing a very unique cultural heritage collection. As such, knowledge models are precious assets both the digitizing and the semantic enhancements of the final application.Item Low-cost mobile system for multispectral cultural heritage data acquisition(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Blazek, Jan; Soukup, Jindrich; Tichý, Tomás; Zitova, Barbara; Hradilová, Janka; Flusser, Jan; -In the paper we propose an alternative approach to the multispectral data acquisition of the cultural heritage artifacts. The demonstrated solution is mobile, affordable, and consists only of commercial off-the-shelf products. It could be used for the data acquisition in-situ without limitations. It was designed for multispectral scanning of cultural heritage artifacts for their first analysis, for multimedia presentations dedicated to public, and, of course, for art conservation studies. The presented solution contains next to the hardware part as well the description of pre-analysis step two alternative ways of the photometric calibration to ensure the anticipated precision. The applicability of the framework was demonstrated on the case study, the preliminary spectral analysis. The proposed methodology is successfully used in the art restoration practice.Item Feature-based automatic 3D registration for cultural heritage applications(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Tombari, Federico; Remondino, Fabio; -This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art techniques in the field of 3D invariant features for the automatic registration of point clouds and 3D meshes. The paper proposes also a multi-stage 3D registration pipeline implemented using the PCL libraries. Experiments are carried out on datasets related to heritage scenarios and addressing large-scale outdoor data acquisitions as well as small objects.Item Characterization of European Lacquers by terahertz (THz) reflectometric imaging(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Dandolo, Corinna Ludovica Koch; Jepsen, Peter Uhd; -In this study a European lacquerware replica has been investigated by terahertz (THz) reflectometric imaging. The inspected lacquerware is a wooden panel covered by multiple complex layers of lacquers and plaster. Utilizing pulsed Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging (THz-TDI) in reflection mode, we observe non-invasively buried layers of the lacquerware replica, including the internal structure of the wooden panel itself. We find that non-invasive terahertz reflectometric imaging analysis of lacquerware is can provide conservators with important information about the condition of the compositional layers, potentially aiding in the development of appropriate conservation treatments. With the same technique we have performed a surface material mapping. The material distribution has been enhanced through reflected THz composite RGB false color rendering, where RGB mapping allows distinction between different materials and textures on the surface of the lacquerware. The contrast between different textures is enabled by wavelength-dependent scattering from the surface, as well as differences in the composition of the surface layer.Item Underwater photogrammetry for archaeology and marine biology.40 years of experience in Marseille, France(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Drap, Pierre; Merad, Djamel; Seinturier, Julien; Mahiddine, Amine; Peloso, Daniela; Boi, Jean-Marc; Long, Luc; Garrabou, Joaquim; -Since 1973 archeology and computer science have developed close ties in Marseille. Two departments (computer science and archaeology) from the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Marseille started working together and laid the cornerstone of the Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) community. Marseille also has the advantage of being located in a very interesting place on the Mediterranean Sea and being the home to several famous laboratories, such as the French Cultural Heritage Department (DRASSM) or private companies like COMEX. In 1980 they performed a series of explorations of a deep-sea wreck with the help of COMEX and DRASSM. More recently, ten years ago, the Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille (COM) started using underwater photogrammetry to survey and monitor red coral populations in situ. In this paper we present new advances in underwater photogrammetry for archaeology and marine biology based on forty years of experience. The survey described in this article does not only discuss the acquisition of 3D points in difficult conditions but also linking archaeological knowledge to the surveyed geometry. This approach needed to combine automatic data processing and offered the opportunity to experts, archaeologists or biologists, to insert knowledge in the process. After an introduction to the history of computer science and archaeology, we will present related work in underwater archaeology and marine biology. The last section is dedicated to two recent experiments in Marseille, based on recent developments in automatic photogrammetry: a World War II plane wreck, surveyed using both acoustic and optical sensors, and a survey used to monitor red coral growth over several years.Item Nondestructive Investigation of the Internal Structure of Fresco Paintings(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Fukunaga, Kaori; Meldrum, Tyler; Zia, Wasif; Ohno, Misao; Fuchida, Takeshi; Bluemich, Bernhard; -New methods to measure the internal structure of wall paintings include single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and terahertz time-domain imaging (THz). We report the measurement of eight fresco models prepared with traditional fresco-making techniques in which we observe the structure of the wall paintings and verify the measurement techniques. Experimental results show that the two techniques are complementary; we expect these techniques to help in identification and analysis of historic wall paintings.Item Monitoring and conservation of archaeological wooden elements from ship wrecks using 3D digital imaging(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Bandiera, Adriana; Alfonso, Cristiano; Auriemma, Rita; Bartolo, Maurizio Di; -In marine archaeology, many artifacts made of metallic or organic material are found in different state of conservation depending of the environment in which they are discovered. Once brought to the surface for study or display purposes, the artifacts need to be treated properly otherwise they deteriorate in a short lapse of time. The fragility of organic artifacts and the volumetric variation caused by the marine life on or surrounding them and water lead to the need for measuring the physical dimensions soon after an artifact is extracted from the sea. In an ideal context, it would be appropriate to preserve and restore the archaeological elements rapidly and with the latest methods but due to the large number of artifacts, the cost of complete restoration activities becomes prohibitive for the funding available in public institutions. For this reason, many public laboratories are resorting to digital technologies for documentation, restoration, display and conservation. In this paper, we illustrate the experience of the University of Salento in this area of archaeology using 3D imaging technology. The interest sprang from the need to develop a protocol for documentation and digital restoration of archaeological finds discovered along the coast of Torre S. Sabina (BR) Italy.Item 3D documentation and monitoring of the experimental cleaning operations in the underwater archaeological site of Baia (Italy)(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Bruno, Fabio; Gallo, Alessandro; Filippo, Francesco De; Muzzupappa, Maurizio; Davidde, Barbara; Caputo, Paolo; -The CoMAS project aims to develop new methodologies and tools for the restoration and conservation of submerged archaeological artefacts. One of the project goals is to study the cleaning operations that are intended to remove the living organisms (algae, sponges, molluscs, etc.). These organisms cause severe deteriorations of the artefacts and their removal is crucial for the subsequent phases of consolidation and protection. In particular, the Unit of Underwater Archaeology of the Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro is experimenting and comparing different cleaning techniques and tools developed in the context of the CoMAS project. This comparison requires also a precise documentation of the test cases and a quantitative measurement of the effectiveness of the cleaning procedures. This paper describes the process that has been defined in order to document and monitor the results obtained through different cleaning experiments, conducted with different tools and utensils over various types of surfaces (marble, bricks, mortar, etc.) affected by several types of biological colonization. The process includes: 1) the 3D mapping of the experimental site; 2) the planning of the tests and the choice of the areas to be cleaned; 3) the 3D reconstruction of the selected areas; 4) the execution of cleaning operations; 5) the 3D acquisition of the cleaned areas; 6) the comparison of the 3D model of the areas before and after the cleaning; 7) the analysis of the data about the cleaning effectiveness. This process has been implemented during an experimentation carried out in the ''Villa dei Pisoni'', located within the underwater archaeological site of Baia near Naples.Item Realistic Virtual Reproductions. Image-based modelling of geometry and appearance(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Martos, Antonio; Ruiz, Bernardino; -Existing technologies for contact-less 3D scanning and Image Based Modelling (IBM) methods are being extensively used nowadays to digitize cultural heritage elements. With a convenient degree of automation these methods can properly capture and reproduce shape and basic colour textures. However, there is usually a quite evident lack of fidelity in the resulting appearance of the virtual reproductions when compared with the original items. Even when properly photo-textured, the reproduced surfaces often resemble either plaster or plastic, regardless of the properties of the original materials. What is neither captured nor modelled is the natural dynamic response of the actual materials with respect to changes in observation angle and/or the lighting arrangement. The methodology introduced in this paper tries to improve the three-dimensional digitalization and visualization of cultural heritage elements, by extending the present capabilities of IBM with additional capture and modelling of surface appearance. We show that it is possible to automatically reproduce realistic-looking virtual objects and scenes, even with photographs taken with an uncalibrated single moving camera and while under uncontrolled and intentionally variable lighting conditions. This is achieved not only by reconstructing the shape and projecting colour texture maps from photographs, but also modelling and mapping the apparent optical response of the surfaces to light changes, while also determining the variable distribution of environmental illumination of the original scene. This novel approach integrates Physically Based Render (PBR) concepts in a processing loop that combines capture and visualization. Using the information contained in different photographs, where the appearance of the object surface changes with environmental light variations, we show that it is possible to enhance the information contained in the usual colour texture maps with additional layers. This enables the reproduc- ion of finer details of surface normals and relief, as well as effective approximations of the Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF). The appearance of the surfaces can then be reproduced with a dedicated render engine providing unusual levels of detail and realism due to enriched multi-layer texture maps and custom shading functions. This methodology will be introduced with a real case-study, to illustrate its practical applicability and flexibility; The virtual reproduction of the Lady of Elche was performed only from archived photographs taken at the museum for different documentation purposes, using uncalibrated optics and an uncontrolled studio light arrangement. We discuss the capture on larger architectural elements as well, with uncontrolled (yet still variable) illumination in outdoor environments and challenging items with difficult to capture surfaces such as the brass sculpture of La Regenta, where proper reproduction of surface reflection and environmental lights are fundamental steps to provide a good visualization experience. These cases will show the feasibility of working with field calibration and initial approximations for the camera model and light-maps, addressing thus the flexibility required for practical field documentation in museum environments or outdoors. The potential for diffusion will be shown with the use of open source software tools for enhanced visualization. The presented capture methods are integrated with the specific adaptation of open-source GPU-based (Graphics Processing Unit) render engines to produce two flavours of 3D inspection/visualization tools with proper relighting capabilities, able to reveal very subtle details: A quasi-real time realistic engine (Blender Cycles), which is also the basis for the capture process and is focused on realistic reproduction, and a real-time version based on customized pixel shaders, for the real-time visualization of lightweight models on web browsers and other interacItem Cutting-edge technologies for the survey and documentation of cultural heritage: the case study of the architectural-archaeological area of Aruch in Armenia(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Versaci, Antonella; Cardaci, Alessio; -One of the most important finalities of survey is the architecture's comprehension. To the end of cultural heritage conservation, it is furthermore necessary to communicate the acquired knowledge. In the recent years, this need has resulted in a radical change in cataloging and digitization systems, as well as in telematics networking. Moreover, the use of 3D laser scanner has transformed not only the approaches related to metrics data acquisition and graphic rendering but has also afforded the opportunity to share important information on the web. This paper focuses on the usefulness of state-of-the-art technologies for documentation, presenting a case study related to the architectural-archeological area of Aruch in Armenia.Item Design and implement a reality-based 3D digitisation and modelling project(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Remondino, Fabio; Menna, Fabio; Koutsoudis, Anestis; Chamzas, Christos; El-Hakim, Sabry; -3D digitisation denotes the process of describing parts of our physical world through finite measurements and representations that can be processed and visualised with a compute r system. Reality-based 3D digiti sation is essential for the documentation, conservation and preservation of our Cultural Heritage. This article composes a critical review of the digitisation pipeline, ranging from sensor selection and planning to data acquisition, processing and visualisation.Item 3D documentation of Cultural Heritage artefacts: from data acquisition to virtual conservation and restoration(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Athanasiou, Eleni; Faka, Marina; Hermon, Sorin; Vassallo, Valentina; Yakoupi, Kyriaki; -This paper focuses on the development of a procedure for 3D documentation of Cultural Heritage assets and describes all the steps from the 3D data acquisition of the real object, the post processing the raw data and finally the digital recording, documentation and virtual preservation of the 3D data. It will also describe the experiences, carried out during the digital process, of some virtual restoration cases.Item Multi-scalar 3D digitization of Cultural Heritage using a low-cost integrated approach(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Manferdini, Anna Maria; Russo, Michele; -In the architectural survey field, one of the main aspects to consider during a 3D digitization is the multi-scalar geometrical complexity of the artifact to acquire, besides other fundamental factors connected with the different aims of communication. Since the widespread of range-sensors has provided extremely versatile instruments able to easily acquire huge amount of data that can be processed for different uses and users and changing communication aims, the possibility to survey and restore high-quality 3D multi-resolution models has become an urgent need. Despite these developments, these technologies are still very expensive, need expertise and present persistent bottlenecks both in the reverse modeling process and in time consuming. In order to overcome these critical aspects and taking advantage of recent improvements of automated image-based technologies based on the Structure from Motion approach, this contribution presents some first results of investigations on the reliability of these low-cost technologies for the 3D digitization of Cultural Heritage. One of the main aims of these investigations rely on developing a procedure that could ease the work of surveyors called to represent artifacts at an architectural scale using fast and low-cost technologies. 3D models derived using the selected low-cost image-based technologies were compared among each other and with a 3D laser scanner gold standard acquisition. These investigations led to qualitative and quantitative evaluations and to considerations on times and skills required by all tested technologies. Strengths and weaknesses are highlighted, suggesting the best solution with respect to the optimization of all considered aspects. Finally, integration of different technologies are presented, as it represents the best solution in multi-scalar contexts.Item Replicating perishable artefacts. A project for analysis and exhibition of Early Medieval objects from the Byzantine village at Scorpo (Supersano, Italy)(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Bandiera, Adriana; Arthur, Paul; Imperiale, Marco Leo; Maffezzoli, Alfonso; Frigione, Mariaenrica; Montagna, Francesco; Signore, Grazia Maria; -Artefacts found in an archaeological excavation are sometimes made of perishable or fragile material like wood, iron, or leather. These present obvious conservation problems. This is the case of various artefacts from the Byzantine village of Scorpo (Supersano, southern Italy) that has been the object of excavations by archaeologists from the University of Salento (Italy) since 1999. In 2007 a number of wooden objects were discovered in a well, while in 2012 a hoard of ferrous objects was found near a drystone wall that perhaps enclosed the settlement. Given the highly fragile and perishable nature of the objects, the questions arise as to how to study these artefacts, preserve them for the future and display them to the public. In this paper we will illustrate the methodology developed at the University of Salento to give an answer to all these questions and we will describe the entire process ranging from the discovery of the artefacts, to their 3D digital acquisition and modeling, the eventual digital restoration, the realization of one or more physical copies using a rapid prototyping apparatus (RP), to their display in a museum. Digital models of artefacts and ancient contexts are increasingly used in museums in order to improve communication, also for the disabled. Furthermore, the resin replica of an object, created from its digital 3D model, can also be useful for its preservation and fruition, especially if it is fragile or in poor condition.Item 3D Reconstruction of an outdoor archaeological site through a multi-view stereo technique(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Muzzupappa, Maurizio; Gallo, Alessandro; Spadafora, Francesco; Manfredi, Felix; Bruno, Fabio; Marca, Antonio La; -This paper describes the experimentation of a common multi-view stereo technique on a particularly complex test case: the ''Via Colonnata'' in the archaeological site of Kyme Eolica in Turkey. The study demonstrates that it is possible to create a detailed 3D model of an area sized tens of square meters without the need to use any dedicated device like laser scanners, drones or helium balloons, but just employing a digital camera and open source software. The reconstruction process implemented in this study addresses and solves some of the most relevant problems related to the reconstruction of large areas and the subsequent mapping of a texture on the geometrical model. In particular, we suggest some guidelines for the acquisition phase that help to reduce the subsequent problems related both to 3D geometry creation and texture mapping. In the pre-processing phase, we propose an automated technique for filtering of unimportant areas, based on the analysis of the disparity maps related to each image pair (the farther areas from the current point of view are masked out, in order to obtain a 3D model free of artifacts/defects). For the texture mapping process, in order to reduce the blur resulting from averaging and blending operations in overlapping areas, we propose a method that automatically identifies the most appropriate subset of images to be projected on the 3D model.Item A Low-Cost Portable 3D Laser Scanning System with Aptness from Acquisition to Visualization(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Banerjee, Sumandeep; Biswas, Prabir Kumar; Bhowmick, Partha; Dutta, Somnath; -This paper presents the design perspectives of a low-cost portable 3D laser scanning mechanism. The hardware is simple in design, easy to fabricate, and costs much less compared to the cheapest ones available in the market. Moreover, it is noninvasive and able to generate high-quality data sets. We present the complete design pipeline and discuss how to implement and put together the most recent algorithms. We propose this design for its wide applications to virtual reality simulation, 3D modeling, digitization of archaeological artifacts, automated defect inspection, object recognition etc.Item On-the-fly automatic alignment and global registration of free path collected 3D scans(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Signoroni, Alberto; Bonarrigo, Francesco; Pezzotti, Nicola; -We present a complete geometry processing pipeline for multiple 3D scans alignment, composed by a fast, automated feature-based coarse alignment and an efficient global registration, with the aim to enable high-quality and high-throughput cultural heritage digitization. Salient features of our pipeline consist in the capability to provide low-latency, on-the-fly coarse alignment regardless to the number of scans, the capacity to handle interruptions of a continuous acquisition path, as well as an improved implementation of a robust state-of-the-art global alignment technique.Item Measuring Changes in Cultural Heritage Objects with Reflectance Transform Imaging(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Manfredi, Marcello; Williamson, Greg; Kronkright, Dale; Doehne, Eric; Bearman, Gregory; Jacobs, Megan; Marengo, Emilio; -Sites and objects of cultural heritage from art to ancient inscriptions to ruins are under constant attack by time and the environment. While much is known about how material components change from laboratory-based artificial aging, very little is known about the process or rates of change of actual objects and sites in situ. Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) is a quantitative method that captures surface normals. In our case, it provides detailed information on the geometry of the object surface. We show that RTI can be quantified for use as a method for measuring change in cultural heritage objects. The past decade has seen the rapid evolution and application of computational photography methods to document important works of human heritage, from art and architecture to archives and archaeology. The next logical step involves defining just how reproducible and precise these methods can be to use them to measure rates of change for important works of cultural heritage. The need is to move to calibrated, quantitative image datasets for reproducible imaging. We measure the precision of computed surface normals, which define the basic repeatability of RTI. Our results show that the average included solid angle for RTI sensitivity fitted to the Hemispherical Harmonics (HSH) polynomial function is 0.003 steradians (3 sigma), while the older Polynomial texture map (PTM) method is much less sensitive (0.5 steradians). The absolute sensitivity of the method is the minimum variation of the normal that can be statistically considered a change of the object. It is calculated considering the average value of the normal of each single pixel. The solid angle of the cone of variation represents the statistical limit (3 *s). Analysis of multiple RTI data sets from objects that have changed between image capture sessions results in a map of change that can easily be evaluated by conservators.Item Quick textured mesh generation for massive 3D digitization of museum artifacts(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Gonizzi, Sara; Micoli, Laura L.; Guidi, Gabriele; -The goal of the "3D Icons" European Project, is to provide Europeana with accurate 3D models of Cultural Heritage artifacts. The purpose of this paper is to describe the specific optimized processing pipeline that has been set-up for digitizing a significant part of the Civic Archaeological Museum in Milan (Italy). Many technical and logistic issues for capturing 3D models in a Museum environment are addressed. In such framework the main problem is generating a good result by the technical point of view, minimizing the impact on the usual Museum activity during 3D capture operations, while shortening the processing time to the minimal allowed by the different applicable techniques. This condition led to precise choices related to the 3D acquisition techniques to be used (SfM), and the related data processing. This paper illustrates the aforementioned systematic aspects through three practical examples, showing good practices for image capturing and some 3D processing optimizations that allowed to speed the 3D models production at a level compliant to the final goal of more than 500 models in 36 months.Item Anomaly Detection using Remote Sensing for the Archaeological Heritage Registration(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Rejas, Juan Gregorio; Burillo, Francisco; Bonatti, Javier; MartÃnez, Rubén; -The aim of this work is an approach using multisensor remote sensing techniques to recognize the potential remains and recreate the original landscape of three archaeological sites. We investigate the spectral characteristics of the reflectance parameter and emissivity in the pattern recognition of archaeological materials in several hyperspectral scenes of the prehispanic site in Palmar Sur (Costa Rica), the Jarama Valley site and the celtiberian city of Segeda in Spain. Spectral ranges of the visible-near infrared (VNIR), shortwave infrared (SWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) from hyperspectral data cubes of HyMAP, AHS, MASTER and ATM have been used. Several experiments on natural scenarios of Costa Rica and Spain of different complexity, have been designed. Spectral patterns and thermal anomalies have been calculated as evidences of buried remains and change detection. First results, land cover change analyses and their consequences in the digital heritage registration are discussed.Item Comparing 3D digitising technologies: where are the differences?(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Mathys, Aurore; Brecko, Jonathan; Semal, Patrick; -We tested five 3D digitization systems and one method of 2D+ recording on one object: a human skull from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences collection (RBINS). We chose a skull because it has both simple and complex structures and different materials such as bone and enamel within the same object. The results obtained with the different technologies were compared for 3D shape accuracy, texture quality, digitization and processing time and finally price. Our results show that the structured light scanner provided the best results to record external structures, CT was found to be the best to record internal structures and is also the best for recording reflecting material such as enamel. Photogrammetry is a very good compromise between portability, price and quality. RTI is a method of 2D+ recording and is a complementary technique, using the same equipment than photogrammetry, which can capture small morphological features that are not easily digitized with the 3D techniques.Item Orthophoto mapping and digital surface modeling for archaeological excavations. An image-based 3D modeling approach(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Reu, Jeroen De; Clercq, Wim De; Laloo, Pieter; -We have examined image-based 3D modeling for the generation of orthophotos and digital surface models of archaeological surfaces and features. Our results suggest that image-based 3D modeling can be both a time-efficient and cost-effective as well as a scientific valuable method to document archaeological excavations. Although there are limitations, these are greatly surpassed by the possibilities. We believe that image-based 3D modeling can cause a(n) (r)evolution in archaeological excavation practice.Item On the 3D Documentation of the Igel Column Original and Copy. Structured 3D Survey and Analytical 3D Information System(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Schaich, Martin; Jahnke, Peter; Knechtel, Sebastian; Rahrig, Max; -The Igel Column, 23 m high, is one of the best known Roman column monuments in Germany and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage 'Roman Structures, Cathedral and Church of Our Lady' in Trier. The list also includes a faithfully reconstructed and colored one-to-one copy of the column monument from the early 20th century, which is located at the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier. Both original and copy are in danger of decay and require comprehensive restoration. Commissioned by the LBB Trier, ArcTron3D GmbH documented both monuments with combined terrestrial and airborne high-resolution 3D scanning technologies. Apart from terrestrial laser scanning and structured light scanning, SFM-photogrammetry was carried out from a lifting platform and a camera copter (MAV Micro Aerial Vehicle). The data fusion and processing resulted in photorealistic high-resolution 3D models. These models were managed and prepared in ArcTron3D's database-supported 3D information system aSPECT3D, which is able to handle large data amounts. For further use during the restoration process, the database allows systematic access to all project data, which was structured according to archaeological and restoration questions.Item Cultural heritage documentation using geomatic techniques; Case study: San Basilio s monastery(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Dominici, Donatella; Rosciano, Elisa; Alicandro, Maria; Elaiopoulos, Michail; Trigliozzi, Serena; Massimi, Vincenzo; -Each community, passing through its history and its collective memories, has the duty to conserve, identify and properly manage its own heritage that, unfortunately, is often susceptible to transformations due to time, anthropogenic factors or damages caused by natural phenomena. For this reason, heritage artifacts are being extensively documented in order to be maintained in the very best way and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. Geomatic techniques (total stations, GNSS receivers and laser scanners), when integrated among them in an appropriate surveying methodology, data management and processing, can provide dedicated methodologies able to detect and survey the particular characteristics of such complicated structures. In this way, 3D geometric models of the building can be created and enriched with a wide range of information, results of the combination between the visual potential of the images with the high accuracy of the geometric survey. Thus, the use of geomatics represents an interesting tool both for the visualization and the metric evaluation of the structure itself providing an efficient support for professionals and public bodies. The survey of the old monastery of San Basilio, a 16th century building in L'Aquila, central Italy, is presented in this paper.Item Temporal Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Visualize the Archaeological Excavation Process(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Srour, David; Richter, Ashley; Levy, Thomas; Kuester, Falko; -Archaeology is a destructive science. Photographs and videos preserve some aspects of the sequence of events inherent within the archaeological excavation process, but cannot replicate the spatiality and detail of the downward progression of the digging entailed through excavation. Time lapse sequences of properly adapted and employed terrestrial laser scanning to create a temporal sequence of point clouds of the archaeological methodologies can, however, serve as an innovative step towards accurate documentation of crucial data for future archaeologists interested in the site. Over the course of the National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship funded Sediment Intervals and Site Deformation Processes: Exploring Time Lapse Laser Scanning Capabilities and Methodologies for Archaeology, temporal scanning was tested on the beaches of San Diego to establish a baseline capability for data capture. Subsequently, the methodologies for data collection were utilized as a part of the excavation workflow at the University of California, San Diego's Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeological Project's excavation of a Roman era section of tell Khirbat Faynan in southern Jordan. With the data collected from the excavation as the impetus for new system development, original visualization processing designed with the archaeological problems and end-goals in mind is being created at the University of California, San Diego Center of Interdisciplinary Science for Art, Architecture, and Archaeology in order to meaningful display the shifting data sets in real time and exhibit not just the archaeological data, but the archaeological process.Item 3D Laser Scanning in Cave Environment: the Case of Las Cuevas, Belize. Acquisition of the Cave System and Excavation Area(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Lindgren, Stefan; Galeazzi, Fabrizio; -The Las Cuevas site is a Maya administrative and ceremonial center active during the latter part of the Late Classic period (700 900 AD) in Western Belize. It is of particular interest because a large cave resides directly beneath the largest temple in the site core. This paper presents the use of phase shift variation laser scanning technology (Faro Focus 3D) for the acquisition of the cave's network of galleries (9 chambers) and a large excavation area (8×5 m) investigated in the entrance chamber in the summer of 2012. More than 300 scans were made to acquire the entire cave and the amount of 3D data collected was more than 400 GB. The creation of different level of details allowed the alignment and triangulation of the 3D models of the different chambers and units. The dimension (24×20×10 cm; 5 kg) and accuracy (' 2 mm at 10 25 m) of the laser scanner allowed complete documentation of the cave and units in just three weeks of work. The importance of this work relies on the possibility to use the processed data to systematically improve the archaeological understanding of Las Cuevas' complex cave system, favoring the interpretation of socio-cultural dynamics linked to cave environments during the Late Classic. The use of 3D technologies can, in fact, help the understanding of how the space in the cave was used in the past for rituals and ceremonies. Moreover, the 3D millimetric reproduction of the excavation process linked to the 3D survey of the entire cave will be instrumental for the archaeological record's preservation. Future scholars will have the opportunity to retrace the work made by archaeologists at Las Cuevas, starting new discussion and interpretations of the same 3D archaeological context.Item Integrated method for tracking changes in archeo-landscapes using remote and close-range technologies(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Agapiou, Athos; Cuca, Branka; Themistocleous, Kyriakos; Alexakis, Dimitiros D.; Hadjimitsis, Diofantos G.; -The importance of visible built heritage and archeolandscapes for preservation of collective memory and identity is widely acknowledged across disciplines regarding heritage protection and valorisation. The complex analysis of archaeolandscape transformations through time needs multilevel geospatial information. To this purpose, it is necessary to consider different domains of technological tools but also an appropriate geospatial framework, applying a multi-scale, multi-temporal and multi-sensor approach. In this way, the capabilities of new technologies can be further expanded aiming towards to an effective integration and improvement of preservation strategies and protection methodologies for cultural heritage sites. This paper illustrates the integration of in situ surveying campaigns, close range photogrammetry, aerial and satellite remote sensing imagery for identify change detection at the ''Nea Paphos'', a UNESCO protected archaeological site of Cyprus. In particular, this paper examines the evolution of a buried archaeological feature (amphitheatre?) which is already known to experts but has not yet been excavated. Changes of shape and size have been documented, interpreted and mapped using resources covering a temporal arch of circa last 50 years. While soil and vegetation marks of the buried feature are very clear in the historic aerial imagery, these traces are disturbed on the recent images. An integrated method of detecting natural and physical consequences for evolving landscapes, using remote sensing techniques, airborne, and 3D photogrammetric models developed using open-source tools has been applied. Such integration is envisaged to (1) provide new kind of information and possible scenarios for retrieving geospatial knowledge of evolving archeolandscapes and their multiple layers of history and to (2) enable archaeologists, public administration and conservation professionals to pursue specific tailored-made preservation strategies o- specific archaeological sites and to support them in more informed decision making.Item 3D Reconstruction of the Cave of the Great Pyramid from Video Footage(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Kawae, Yukinori; Yasumuro, Yoshihiro; Kanaya, Ichiroh; Chiba, Fumito; -Studies on the great pyramid of King Khufu (2509-2483 BCE '25) in Egypt are numerous, but only a few surveys, which are the basis of any hypotheses on the construction of a pyramid, have been conducted. In particular, since no observation of the core of the pyramid has been made, theories about the structure are still hypothetical. In 2013, a Japanese TV production company had the opportunity to climb the northeast corner of the pyramid to shoot a crevice that led to an open space (named ''cave'') inside the pyramid, located about 80m from the ground. The authors are fortunate to be allowed to use this video footage for academic research. We employed a ''structure from motion'' (SfM) technique using Microsoft Photosynth to reconstruct the 3D point cloud of the surface of the cave. Twenty minutes of footage was split into thirty thousand image frames, out of which we selected three hundred images shot using several smooth motions of the camera and used these for the SfM process. SfM tracks the ''feature points'' in the image sequence to estimate the camera motion and then triangulates these feature points to produce the point clouds. As a result, the static feature points from the overall surface of the cave were effectively collected and reconstructed as point clouds, whereas inconsistent points from a moving person are automatically eliminated through the SfM process. Thus we have produced, albeit in a small area, the first record of the actual structure of the great pyramid's core. The production of a 3D model from existing video footage is a rather new methodology in the field of archaeology. This set of techniques can be applied to not only academic investigation but also to the restoration and conservation of damaged heritage and artifacts.Item Digital Production of Traditional Costumes(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Kang, Yeonkyung; Wu, Sehee; Ko, Young-A; Martin, Kathi; Ko, Hyeong-Seok; -The role of the museum has changed from a "onesided information delivery" system focusing on exhibition and education to ''community as culture''. Creating richly detailed digitized reproductions of museum holdings can stimulate the social media dialogue between museum and visitor. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of reproducing traditional costumes using digital technology. For this experiment, we selected a woman's robe and a man's ensemble of the Rococo era of the 18th century. Using historical reference material we first analyzed the design features of the silhouette, and the fabrics, hairdos and accessories of the period. This paper details the application of 3D technologies, DC Suite and Maya Qualoth, to reconstruct them.Item GNSS role in planning and conductance of terrain archaeological survey: technical aspects and methodology(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Stamenov, Stefan; Naydenova, Vanya; -The purpose of the present paper is to present the technical aspects and the methodological framework of applying non-destructive methods and technologies for planning and conductance of terrain archaeological survey. The remote sensing methods together with the GNSS and geoinformation technologies play an important role in the terrain survey. The proposed approach is focused on the technical aspects of applying GNSS technologies in the field work. This approach was applied on the Early-Medieval archaeological object Kabiyuk, located in Northeast Bulgaria, announced as a National Historical and Archaeological Reserve in 2012. Kabiyuk is one of the main archaeological sites connected with the First Bulgarian Kingdom, whose earthen rampart is at second place after the fortification of the First Bulgarian Capital Pliska. The methodological framework for terrain survey includes four main stages planning of the terrain archaeological survey; preliminarily survey of the archaeological site; conductance of the terrain survey and GNSS measurements and post-processing of the recorded data and collected information. During the planning of the terrain archaeological survey, information from remote sensing data (satellite images and aerial photos) was used to define the areas without built-up lands or thick forests, waters bodies. In the second stage a preliminarily survey were conducted during which areas without vegetation cover were defined on which archeological surveys will be carried out. The terrain survey was conducted using preliminarily generated digital grid, which was applied for the first time in the investigation of the First Bulgarian capital Pliska by the same team. A GNSS receiver with high accuracy is required for navigation according to the digital grid and for registration the discovered new potential archaeological objects, and as well as for detailed archaeological mapping.