A New Way to Enrich Museum Experience Through X-ray Tomography The Diagnostic Study of a Wax Anatomical Model of the 18th Century Made by Anna Morandi Manzolini

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Eva Peccenini, Matteo Bettuzzi, Rosa Brancaccio, Franco Casali, Maria Pia Morigi, Laura Piro, Viviana Lanzarini, Antonio Todero, Luisa Leonardi and Elios Sequi

Reconstruction of the Woodblock Using Three-dimensional Scanning and Computer Numerical Control Machining

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Joo-Pyo Hong, Zongming Zhang and Jiho Han

Documentation and Preservation of an Iron Age Site Through Photogrammetry - The Case of Monte Bernorio

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David Vacas Madrid, Elina Rodríguez Millán and Jesús Francisco Torres Martínez

Remote Sensing Applied to the Study of the Cultural and Natural Heritage in the Mesoamerican Corridor

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Juan Gregorio Rejas and Javier Bonatti

Three Modes of a Monument's 3D Virtual Reconstruction - The Case of Yali Tzamisi in Chania, Crete

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Panagiotis Parthenios, Alexandros Petinarelis, Sofia Loussa and Nicky Efraimidou

Short Papers - Architectures

Battery Aachen - Using Landscape Reconstruction for On-site Exploration of a World War One Military Unit

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Dries Nollet, Daniel Pletinckx and Carlotta Capurro

Fusion of 3D Data from Different Image-based and Range-based Sources for Efficient Heritage Recording

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Estibaliz Muñumer and José Luis Lerma

Virtual 3D Reconstruction of Plans-Reliefs from Historical Document Analysis for Valorisation Applications

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Gilles Halin, Christine Chevrier, Kevin Jacquot, Pascal Humbert and Senda Ben Bouheni

GIS-Based Mapping of Archaeological Sites with Low-Altitude Aerial Photography and Structure from Motion - a Case Study from Southern Jordan

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Matthew Howland, Brady Liss, Mohammad Najjar and Thomas Levy

Integrative 3D Recording Methods of Historic Architecture - Burg Hohenecken Castle from Southwest Germany

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Aaron Pattee, Bernhard Höfle, Christian Seitz

Application of 3D Technology For The Documentation of Late Medieval Wall Paintings in the Church of St. George in Lovran, Croatia

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Kristina Krulić and Zlatan Novak

The Recording of Two Late Roman Towers, Archaeological Museum, Milan

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Paul Blockley and Simona Morandi

Bridging Monuments Through Digital Repository and Graphic Reconstruction Methodologies, The Digital Enhancement Project of Argolid, Arcadia and Corinthia Castles, Greece

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Demetrios Athanasoulis, Xeni Simou, Antonios Georgiou, Anna Sfika, Vasiliki Klotsa, Theodora Zirogianni, Chrysostomos Theodoropoulos and Eleni-Olga Deligianni

Poster Presentations

Crowd-sourced Mobile Phone Images For Built Heritage Conservation Monitoring

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Greg Bearman, Wensen Ma, Marc Walton, Oiver Cossairt and Eric Doehne

Photogrammetric Surveying and Stereotomy - The East Hall of the Palace of Charles V in Granada

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Macarena Salcedo Galera, José Calvo López and Anand Shah Kalpeshbhai

A Light Carbon Crane as an Alternative Approach for Vertical Structures and Facade Surveying

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Renato Saleri, Hervé Lequay and Livio De Luca

3D Reconstruction with Fisheye Images: Strategies to Survey Complex Heritage Buildings

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João Covas, Victor Ferreira and Luís Mateus

Comparison of Normalized Transfer Functions for Fast Blending-based Color Correction of Scans Acquired Under Natural Conditions

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Arnaud Schenkel and Olivier Debeir

The Virtual Reconstruction of the Minaret of Mansourah Mosque (Algeria)

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Sara Morena

Representation of the Santander Cathedral by Combination of Different Smart Techniques

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Óscar J. Cosido, Leticia Terán, Massimiliano Campi, Raffaele Catuogno, Óscar Ruiz, Jesús M. Sendino, Pedro Sarabia, José Pereda and Andrés Iglesias

Geometry to Web - Jaen's Cathedral

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Gregorio Soria Tirado, Lidia Ortega Alvarado and Francisco R. Feito Higaruela

A New Approach to Digitalization and Data Management of Cultural Heritage Sites

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Vittorio Amos Ziparo, Fabio Cottefoglie, Daniele Calisi, Francesca Giannone, Giorgio Grisetti, Bastian Leibe, Marc Proesmans, Paolo Salonia, Luc Van Gool, Claudia Ventura and Cyrill Stachniss

A Comparison of Digital Modelling Techniques Analyzing a Section of Qhapaq Ñan

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Saúl Retamozo, Fernando Zvietcovich, Diego Arce, Matias Quintana, Sergio Angeles,Benjamin Castañeda and Rafael Aguilar

Optimizing UAV Systems for Rapid Survey and Reconstruction of Large Scale Cultural Heritage Sites

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Dominique Meyer, Elioth Fraijo, Eric Kwok Cheung Lo, Dominique Rissolo and Falko Kuester

Bringing Collections to the Digital Era - 3 Examples of Integrated High Resolution Digitisations Projects

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Aurore Mathys, Jonathan Brecko, Didier Van den Spiegel, Laurence Cammaert and Patrick Semal

Application of georeferenced Archaeological Information Systems for Archaeological Digital Heritage - The Auxiliary Fortress of Carnuntum (Lower Austria)

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Mario Wallner, Torrejón Valdelomar Juan, Wolfgang Neubauer, Matthias Kucera, Joachim Brandtner and Vlad Sandici

Recovering the History of Bergen Belsen Using an Interactive 3D Reconstruction in a Mixed Reality Space: the Role of Pre-knowledge on Memory Recollection

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Laura Serra Oliva, Anna Mura, Alberto Betella, Enrique Martinez and Paul Verschure

Works in Progress

Digitizing the Culture of Beijing - An Introduction of the Memories of Beijing Project

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Jihong Liang, Linqing Ma and Yunpeng Wu

Crowd-sourcing the 3D Digital Reconstructions of Lost Cultural Heritage

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Matthew Vincent, Chance Coughenour, Fabio Remondino, Mariano Flores Gutiérrez, Victor Manuel Lopez-Menchero Bendicho and Dieter Fritsch

PATRINAT - The Drawings in Buffon's Histoire Naturelle, Towards a Digitized Heritage

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Laugee Thierry

OCHRE a Powerful Tool for Culture Historical Research - A Chronological Model for Historical Roads and Paths

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Willem Vletter

The Chimu Offerings - Integration of Applied Science and New Media in the Preservation and Dissemination of Prehispanic Heritage

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Cecilia Vilca, Luis Enrique Castillo, Gladys Ocharan Velasquez and Marco Sarmento

Minor Harbours of the East Coast of Ireland

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Elizabeth Shotton

Novel Application of 3D Documentation Techniques at a Submerged Late Pleistocene Cave Site in Quintana Roo, Mexico

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Dominique Rissolo, Alberto Nava Blank, Vid Petrovic, Roberto Chavez Arce, Corey Jaskolski, Pilar Luna Erreguerena and James C. Chatters

Nuragic Sacred Well of Santa Cristina in Sardinia - From the 3D Survey Analysis to Labour Investment

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Lola Vico and Sorin Hermon

Browse

Now showing 1 - 43 of 43

The Venice ''Archivio di Stato'' - Innovating Digitization with X-Ray Tomography
(IEEE, 2015) Albertin, Fauzia; Peccenini, Eva; Hwu, Yeukuang; Lee, Tsung-Tse; Ong, Edwin B. L.; Je, Jung Ho; Kaplan, Frédéric; Margaritondo, Giorgio; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
We present x-ray imaging results for diverse ironbased- ink antique writings - single-page manuscripts, stacks and scrolls - from the 16th century on. The objective is to elaborate new digitization techniques by x-ray tomography for the ''Venice Time Machine'' (VTM) project in collaboration with the ''Archivio di Stato''. The technique can potentially read unopened - perhaps unopenable - documents and speed up the entire digitization process of large collections. The technique is feasible thanks to the highly absorbing chemical elements in ancient European ink recipes. The corresponding x-ray contrast allows character reading with reasonably short exposure times. The impact is quite relevant: the potential feasibility of ''softer'' and faster digitization of huge collections like the Archivio di Stato - 80 km of documents spanning 10 centuries.
Robust Segmentation of Historical Parchment XMT Images for Virtual Unrolling
(IEEE, 2015) Liu, Chang; Rosin, Paul; Lai, Yu-Kun; Hu, Weiduo; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Historical parchment scrolls are fragile, and prone to damage from a variety of causes such as fire, water, and general mistreatment. Consequently many of these scrolls cannot be unrolled, so that their contents have remained hidden for centuries. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed a method of segmenting X-ray tomographic scans of parchment which enables a ''virtual unrolling'' of these documents. After an initial segmentation we link the broken layers of the parchment. Then, junction sections are extracted from the boundaries of the parchment. Subsequently, we find the fused regions which are formed by layers stuck together, and separate them into several layers by reconstructing the missing boundaries using parallel connecting curves. Experiments on the fifteenth century Bressingham scroll validate the effectiveness of our segmentation method.
A New Way to Enrich Museum Experience Through X-ray Tomography The Diagnostic Study of a Wax Anatomical Model of the 18th Century Made by Anna Morandi Manzolini
(IEEE, 2015) Peccenini, Eva; Bettuzzi, Matteo; Brancaccio, Rosa; Casali, Franco; Morigi, Maria Pia; Piro, Laura; Lanzarini, Viviana; Todero, Antonio; Leonardi, Luisa; Sequi, Elios; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The result of Computed Tomography (CT) investigation consists in a 3D volume of the object able to show its inner parts, revealing hidden structures and materials used in a completely non-invasive way. Its application, in Cultural Heritage field, is an important resource to enhance the knowledge of execution the construction technique and the state of conservation. This work was triggered by a need of diagnostic investigation before the restoration of anatomical wax model of the 18th century made by Anna Morandi Manzolini, kept at the Palazzo Poggi Museum in Bologna, but the peculiarity of the application and its results has yielded new purposes to the diagnostic investigation related to scientific communication and museum fruition. CT analysis was carried out using an experimental CT system specifically designed for the analysis of Cultural Heritage materials, developed by the X-ray imaging research group at the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of Bologna. The results of the investigation were shown then at the Anatomical Wax Museum ''Luigi Cattaneo'' in Bologna, during the ''Festival of Medical Science. Long Life'', from 7 to 10 May 2015, through a 3D virtual projection.
Customised OCR Correction for Historical Medical Text
(IEEE, 2015) Thompson, Paul; Mcnaught, John; Ananiadou, Sophia; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Historical text archives constitute a rich and diverse source of information, which is becoming increasingly readily accessible, owing to large-scale digitisation efforts. Searchable access is typically provided by applying Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software to scanned page images. Often, however, the automatically recognised text contains a large number of errors, since OCR systems are typically optimised to deal with modern documents, and can struggle with historical document features, including variable print characteristics and archaic vocabulary usage. Low quality OCR text can reduce the efficiency of search systems over historical archives, particularly semantic systems that are based on the application of sophisticated text mining (TM) techniques. We report on a new OCR correction strategy, customised for historical medical documents. The method combines rule-based correction of regular errors with a medically-tuned spellchecking strategy, whose corrections are guided by information about subject-specific language usage from the publication period of the article to be corrected. The performance of our method compares favourably to other OCR post-correction strategies, in improving word-level accuracy of poor-quality documents by up to 16%.
3D and Challenging Materials
(IEEE, 2015) Mathys, Aurore; Brecko, Jonathan; Spiegel, Didier Van den; Semal, Patrick; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Museum collections are composed of many different materials with different optical properties. These properties are an important factor to consider when using 3D digitisation as museum artefacts cannot be sprayed with an opaque coating to avoid reflection and facilitate 3D scanning. In this paper we review a wide variety of materials and techniques in order to propose guidelines for the 3D digitisation of different materials.
3D Reconstruction for Museums and Scattered Collections (Applied Research for the Alexandre Lenoir's Museum of French Monuments)
(IEEE, 2015) Autran, Camille; Guéna, François; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This research aims to develop cheap and quite easyto- use methods for 3D museology. We worked with specialists of various fields to pool everyone's knowledge at its very best: historians, curators, and computer scientists built digital tools for enhanced communication, teaching and research for museums. We will show one of our experiment to show what digital technologies and 3D development can bring to the cultural world.
Reflected Infrared Imaging: Revisiting the Fundamentals
(IEEE, 2015) Webb, E. Keats; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Reflected infrared imaging has been used as an investigation tool for paintings and paper conservation since the 1930s. The technique can reveal underdrawings, expose compositional changes, provide information about manufacturing process and technique, and differentiate materials. As digital camera technology and computing have evolved, the technique has continued to advance, improving the applications for cultural heritage documentation. However, there is very little published on the use of the technique for three-dimensional cultural heritage object documentation. The term object refers to three-dimensional works of art that include archaeological, ethnographic, historic, sculptural, decorative, and contemporary arts, composed of a wide variety of materials and combinations of materials. Some of these materials are similar to those in paintings and others are quite different, and the optical properties of the materials influence the interaction with infrared radiation and the imaging results. This paper looks at the current applications of reflected infrared imaging in conservation and research documentation and explores the fundamentals of why the technique is successful and how that success might transfer to the documentation of 3-D objects. Examples from an imaging case study with the Freud Museum are included to illustrate the arguments.
The Virtual Recontruction of an Ancient Musical Instrument: The Aulos of Selinus
(IEEE, 2015) Bellia, Angela; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
In the summer of 2012, the IFA-NYU Selinunte Mission began to explore the interior of the cella of Temple R. This excavation showed that the Classical and Archaic layers had been sealed by a deep fill of the Hellenistic period and left untouched by earlier archaeological research at the site. Among the discoveries was a series of votive depositions against the walls, dating back to the sixth century BCE. One of the most striking finds among the votive depositions was the discovery of two parts of a bone aulos, which can be dated to 570 BCE. The virtual reconstruction of the aulos found in Temple R at Selinus aims to study the acoustic and morphological attributes of the ancient musical instrument, but also to increase and improve the scientific investigation by overcoming the limitations caused by the instrument's fragility. Digital technology allowed us to produce a 3D model of the aulos. This digital model has been translated into a three-dimensional artificial copy, using polymer as a material. Our goal is to reconstruct the aulos after analysing its organological characteristic and, if possible, discover its scale. We hope that this new study of the aulos will increase our knowledge of Ancient Greek music.
One Man's Trash: Using XRF to Recreate Ancient Narratives from Metallurgical Waste Heaps in Southern Jordan
(IEEE, 2015) Liss, Brady; Levy, Thomas; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Recent excavations at Khirbat al-Jariya, an Iron Age copper smelting center in Southern Jordan, were supplemented with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy to study the diachronic narrative of copper smelting over the site's history. By elementally analyzing copper production waste (copper slag) from stratigraphically controlled contexts, it is possible to compare relative element concentrations in the slags over the chronological framework provided by archaeological excavation. Despite the relatively short-lived occupancy of the site (during the 11th and 10th centuries BCE), the XRF analysis revealed its metal workers successfully improved the efficiency of their craft. Based on the invaluable role of XRF in creating these narratives and its comparative potential, the XRF data sets from studies like the one presented should be disseminated through the cyber-infrastructure to foster grander metallurgical narratives across time and space. Thus, this paper presents a case study of using XRF in metallurgical contexts and suggests a new web-based platform for data dissemination and collaborative projects.
Reconstruction of the Woodblock Using Three-dimensional Scanning and Computer Numerical Control Machining
(IEEE, 2015) Hong, Joo-Pyo; Zhang, Zongming; Han, Jiho; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Woodblocks that have been handed down for hundreds of years that have wear, deformation, and damage in their shape, are sometimes still used for printing. In this study, the original forms of such woodblocks were obtained through three-dimensional digital reconstruction with the appropriate mesh size of the width and the depth of the letters on it, and a replica was produced through computer numerical control machining. The averaged error of the scanned data is 0.0015mm, and that of the replica is 0.0263mm in the depth direction.
Three Modes of a Monument's 3D Virtual Reconstruction - The Case of Yali Tzamisi in Chania, Crete
(IEEE, 2015) Parthenios, Panagiotis; Petinarelis, Alexandros; Loussa, Sofia; Efraimidou, Nicky; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The scope of this paper is to highlight the challenges, advantages and disadvantages, as well as solutions to some of the issues that arise during the process of a monument's virtual 3D reconstruction using Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques. Yali Tzamisi, a 17th century monument located in Chania, Crete, has been photographed appropriately by three separate student groups, one for the building's envelope, one for the building's interior space and one for the surroundings of the monument. Different levels of detail and various file formats have been documented according to their scope of use, before the three models were merged into one unified 3D scene.
Crowd-sourced Mobile Phone Images For Built Heritage Conservation Monitoring
(IEEE, 2015) Bearman, Greg; Ma, Wensen; Walton, Marc; Cossairt, Oiver; Doehne, Eric; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
We propose quantifying color in crowd- sourced images from mobile phones to monitor built heritage over time. Time-lapse color movies in CIE color space can provide information on a large range of deterioration mechanisms, including soiling, biofilm growth, weathering and vandalism. Citizen science can create large-scale geographical coverage of sites difficult to obtain any other way. We show that the color accuracy of current phones is sufficient for this purpose and demonstrate image registration, color calibration and change detection using mobile phone cameras. For accurate color, a calibration target of known, stable colors need to be in the image field of view.
Application of 3D Technology For The Documentation of Late Medieval Wall Paintings in the Church of St. George in Lovran, Croatia
(IEEE, 2015) Krulić, Kristina; Novak, Zlatan; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
In recent years there has been a lot of interest in the application of 3D spatial data acquisition techniques such as 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry. Among the most demanding and challenging tasks in the protection of cultural heritage is the drawing up of detailed 3D documentation of wall paintings. The application of new technologies in conservation research and the documentation of late medieval wall paintings in the sanctuary of the church of St. George in Lovran is a process conducted periodically, depending on the financial and technical abilities at a given moment, and represents the first example of a comprehensive documentation of a national cultural heritage monument. This project shows how a combination of cutting-edge technologies in 3D spatial data acquisition was applied to document this remarkable historical piece of art.
Documentation and Preservation of an Iron Age Site Through Photogrammetry - The Case of Monte Bernorio
(IEEE, 2015) Madrid, David Vacas; Millán, Elina Rodríguez; Martínez, Jesús Francisco Torres; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This work shows our experience using photogrammetry at the site of Monte Bernorio. It tackles the usefulness of this technology from two different points of view: On one hand, as a technique that can help to the preservation of excavated structures and objects, from a conservation viewpoint. On the other hand, as an improvement on the daily documentation during the excavation of an archaeological site, and on the research, dissemination and outreach tools that have been created through its use.
Integrative 3D Recording Methods of Historic Architecture - Burg Hohenecken Castle from Southwest Germany
(IEEE, 2015) Pattee, Aaron; Höfle, Bernhard; Seitz, Christian; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This paper explores the methodology and application of laser scanning and photogrammetric recording methods to a very complex castle ruin. These methods allow for exact measurements to be made and the production of 3D digital models of the structure in question. The models built from the respective data combine the measuring strength of laser scanning with the visual aesthetics of photogrammetry. The case study is the medieval castle Burg Hohenecken in the city of Kaiserslautern in southwest Germany. Once digitized as a 3D model, the castle can be virtually controlled and examined, providing an opportunity to determine the age and potentially to reconstruct the castle from the different periods of it construction and expansion. Future analyses will include the identification of the different stone types and ages from the different building phases, the viewsheds from each respective building phase and perhaps the discovery of structures which have been completely lost.
Battery Aachen - Using Landscape Reconstruction for On-site Exploration of a World War One Military Unit
(IEEE, 2015) Nollet, Dries; Pletinckx, Daniel; Capurro, Carlotta; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This short paper shows the work that has been done in collaboration between Visual Dimension bvba and the Raversyde Museum for the reconstruction of the military site of the Battery Aachen, giving some hints of the further development of the project.
Remote Sensing Applied to the Study of the Cultural and Natural Heritage in the Mesoamerican Corridor
(IEEE, 2015) Rejas, Juan Gregorio; Bonatti, Javier; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The aim of this work is an approach using multisource remote sensing techniques to study and to evaluate the natural and cultural heritage within the framework of a global research in the Mesoamerican Corridor. Remote sensing, as a non-destructive technique, enable the measurement of spectral anomalies and biophysical parameters which may be indicative of the state of preservation of the big manmade structures, natural ecosystems or diseases that affect them. We investigate the spectral characteristics of the reflectance and emissivity in several multispectral scenes of the pre-Hispanic archaeological sites of the Guayabo (Costa Rica) and Fonseca Gulf (Nicaragua, Honduras and Salvador) what supposed an ancestral migration route. Spectral ranges of the visible-near infrared (VNIR), shortwave infrared (SWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) from hyperspectral data cubes of HyMAP and MASTER have been used. Spectral patterns and thermal anomalies have been analyzed, as well as the capabilities of DInSAR as evidences of buried remains or pathologies in the natural environment. First results, land cover changes and their consequences in the cultural heritage study and protection are discussed.
Bridging Monuments Through Digital Repository and Graphic Reconstruction Methodologies, The Digital Enhancement Project of Argolid, Arcadia and Corinthia Castles, Greece
(IEEE, 2015) Athanasoulis, Demetrios; Simou, Xeni; Georgiou, Antonios; Sfika, Anna; Klotsa, Vasiliki; Zirogianni, Theodora; Theodoropoulos, Chrysostomos; Deligianni, Eleni-Olga; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The former 25th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities in Greece has long been engaged in the research of medieval fortified architecture and in tailoring of restoration and promotion projects for particular monuments. Digital Enhancement of Argolid, Arcadia and Corinthia castles is an ongoing project, currently carried out under the jurisdiction of the newly established Argolid Ephorate of Antiquities. It concerns the creation of an archaeological-centered webplatform and smart-phone application for researchers and public, containing 105 sites of castles, fortified locations and individual towers, scattered within the geographical borders of the aforementioned prefectures. The current essay examines how the documentation methodology leads the visitor to extract comparative scientific data concerning the archaeological sites and fortified architecture in general by presenting what is the platform's contribution to visualizing archaeological space.
GIS-Based Mapping of Archaeological Sites with Low-Altitude Aerial Photography and Structure from Motion - a Case Study from Southern Jordan
(IEEE, 2015) Howland, Matthew; Liss, Brady; Najjar, Mohammad; Levy, Thomas; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Structure from Motion (SfM) is one of the trendiest techniques in archaeology today. Archaeologists across the world are increasingly applying techniques of digital photogrammetry to record archaeological sites in three-dimensions, often for the sake of documenting active excavations or for acquiring a new perspective on sites. This paper describes one such recording campaign, conducted as part of the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project (ELRAP) in southern Jordan, under the direction of T.E. Levy and M. Najjar. ELRAP team members recorded the Iron Age copper production site of Khirbat al-Jariya with low-altitude balloon photography for the purpose of SfM modeling and production of 2D GIS data. This data served as an excellent basis for comprehensive site mapping, substantially improving on the results of previous, traditionally-conducted mapping efforts. We suggest that aerial SfM-based mapping approaches are the best method currently available for exhaustive site mapping.
Fusion of 3D Data from Different Image-based and Range-based Sources for Efficient Heritage Recording
(IEEE, 2015) Muñumer, Estibaliz; Lerma, José Luis; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The rapid proliferation of three-dimensional (3D) data acquisition techniques based either on image-based approaches or on range-based approaches is changing the way cultural heritage is recorded. Independently of the technique selected, low-cost structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetric computer vision, stereo-plotting, surveying either with measuring tape, total station or global navigation satellite system (GNSS), up to laser scanning/LiDAR/RADAR, among others, there is a need to fuse efficiently different datasets. This research aims to test the fusion performance of the new 3DVEM - Register GEO software for the recording of a complex sculpture. The fusion of data will consider several point clouds acquired with a terrestrial laser scanner and one high-resolution point cloud generated with SfM software. The registration process is performed to merge all the data in a final homogeneous framework (reference system). The results obtained will be used to create a high-resolution 3D model of the sculpture from the consolidated data.
Virtual 3D Reconstruction of Plans-Reliefs from Historical Document Analysis for Valorisation Applications
(IEEE, 2015) Halin, Gilles; Chevrier, Christine; Jacquot, Kevin; Humbert, Pascal; Bouheni, Senda Ben; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The French collection of Plans-Reliefs, scale models of fortified towns, constitutes an awesome architectural heritage. Facing this patrimonial richness, many cities, represented on these plans-reliefs, would like to expose, develop and exploit this historical heritage. However, the fragility, the dimension of the supports and the exposure conditions makes this acquisition difficult. Thus, the creation and the exploitation of a virtual model constitute an interesting alternative. This paper presents a method exploiting historical documentary for the 3D semantic modelling and the valorisation of the virtual Plan-Relief of Verdun. The original Plan-Relief is currently enclosed in containers in Paris.
The Recording of Two Late Roman Towers, Archaeological Museum, Milan
(IEEE, 2015) Blockley, Paul; Morandi, Simona; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This paper is an analysis of the recording, processing and presentation of the 3D data of two late Roman towers, through mast and zeppelin photography and image-based modelling software (IBM). Comparison is made to traditional and other digital recording methods.
Application of georeferenced Archaeological Information Systems for Archaeological Digital Heritage - The Auxiliary Fortress of Carnuntum (Lower Austria)
(IEEE, 2015) Wallner, Mario; Juan, Torrejón Valdelomar; Neubauer, Wolfgang; Kucera, Matthias; Brandtner, Joachim; Sandici, Vlad; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Non-destructive prospection methods provide a powerful toolbox to explore Archaeological Heritage while it is still protected untouched below the actual surface. Due to recent technical developments in high resolution large scale non-invasive archaeological prospection by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology (LBI ArchPro) like motorized multi-channel Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), multi-sensor Magnetometry or Airborne Remote Sensing it became possible to efficently explore square kilometers of archaeological landscapes in high detail. Using a georeferenced Archaeological Information System (AIS) to compare, combine and interpret the archaeological information embedded within prospection and excavation data enable spatio-temporal analyses to derive the cultural development of an archaeological landscape.
Bringing Collections to the Digital Era - 3 Examples of Integrated High Resolution Digitisations Projects
(IEEE, 2015) Mathys, Aurore; Brecko, Jonathan; Spiegel, Didier Van den; Cammaert, Laurence; Semal, Patrick; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
One of the primary concerns of museums nowadays is the digitisation of the collection to enhance conservation, accessibility and dissemination. We present in this paper 3 examples of collection digitisations carried out by 2 Belgian federal museums in the framework of the DIGIT-03 program. The first part details the creation of a 3D virtual museum, the second concerns focus stacking of type specimens and the last is the digitisation in 2D and 3D of a complete collection.
A New Approach to Digitalization and Data Management of Cultural Heritage Sites
(IEEE, 2015) Ziparo, Vittorio Amos; Cottefoglie, Fabio; Calisi, Daniele; Giannone, Francesca; Grisetti, Giorgio; Leibe, Bastian; Proesmans, Marc; Salonia, Paolo; Gool, Luc Van; Ventura, Claudia; Stachniss, Cyrill; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
In this paper, we describe a novel approach for acquiring and managing digital models of archaeological sites. More in detail, we present an approach to digitization based on a robotic platform and a cloud-based information system. Our robot is the result of over two years of efforts by a group of cultural heritage experts, computer scientists and roboticists. Exploiting the large and heterogeneous amount data provided by the robotic platform requires this data to be managed, organized and analyzed. To this extent we developed ARIS (ARchaeological Information System), a software that exploits modern information retrieval and machine learning systems.
A Light Carbon Crane as an Alternative Approach for Vertical Structures and Facade Surveying
(IEEE, 2015) Saleri, Renato; Lequay, Hervé; Luca, Livio De; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Aerial surveying is, since more than 100 years, a huge field of research and application in the domain of architecture, archeology and, besides, cultural heritage. Increasing operational capabilities of recent UAV platforms, initially concieved for both civilian and military purposes, are today capable of autonomous flight and self decision making attitudes but must deal with complex regulatory options, resulting on limited operational possibilities, especially in dense urban areas. In France, the drone activity is subject to strict administrative constraints and flying today with high definition heavy-load cameras for SfM1 applications is becoming more and more restrictive. Existing alternatives are captive or remote controlled buoyant aircraft (blimps, balloons...) which are extremely subject to meteorological hazards, especially with turbulent and gusty atmosphere conditions, often incompatible with accurate spatial data gathering needs. Our laboratory developed an original solution to make possible, in a specific surveying context, the vertical deployment of a HD digital camera. This approach should be able to provide, on the basis of almost 10 years or SfM experience, an accurate 3D surveying of existing murals or vertical artifacts, that could guide, when needed, the involved research partners through a restoration and a safeguard process.
Photogrammetric Surveying and Stereotomy - The East Hall of the Palace of Charles V in Granada
(IEEE, 2015) Galera, Macarena Salcedo; López, José Calvo; Kalpeshbhai, Anand Shah; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Photogrammetry is increasingly becoming a widely used architectural heritage surveying method. This technique is specifically suitable for geometric and stereotomic analysis of masonry pieces. This paper describes a survey of the East hall of the Palace of Charles V in Granada carried out using convergent multi-image photogrammetry, in order to study its geometry and define its construction processes.
3D Reconstruction with Fisheye Images: Strategies to Survey Complex Heritage Buildings
(IEEE, 2015) Covas, João; Ferreira, Victor; Mateus, Luís; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Over the last few decades photogrammetry and laser scanning have been frequently considered valuable tools for creating three-dimensional models from which metric and radiometric information can be derived for the survey of cultural heritage buildings, reverse engineering, space exploration and other areas. However reconstructing old heritage buildings digitally may be a challenging task especially when the shape, geometry and volume of these buildings are intrinsically complex therefore requiring specific methods or ad-hoc solutions. Medieval castles are typical constructions that exhibit these kinds of features with inaccessible locations, bridges, wide areas followed by small and limited spaces, battlements, towers and walls occluded by vegetation. This variety of problems can prolong the time required to complete the tasks when using laser scanning or photogrammetry with conventional lenses. In this paper we present a research of use of fisheye lenses in photogrammetry, for capturing medieval castles' geometric and radiometric information of hard to reach places. We conclude that this reduces the total time needed to capture the same amount of information gathered with other instruments, it allows replacing the usage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in low flight situations, makes the survey connection between areas of a building easier, reduces the total number of images and allows making a general fast survey. The castles illustrated in this paper are the Castle of Sesimbra and the Castle of The Convent of Christ, both in Portugal.
Comparison of Normalized Transfer Functions for Fast Blending-based Color Correction of Scans Acquired Under Natural Conditions
(IEEE, 2015) Schenkel, Arnaud; Debeir, Olivier; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This work deals with the multiview colorization of large site acquired during rapid survey conducted in natural uncontrolled climatic and light conditions. Image stitching and weighting methods are adapted to perform fine per vertex depth maps colorizations. Different transfer functions are evaluated to obtain the best visual results. The rendering computation time of our solution is compatible with real-time fieldwork. For models composed of large scans series, the results exhibit an uniform coloring and no significant visual artifacts. A global color quality map is also produced to identify weakness and to determine the next acquisition parameters.
A Comparison of Digital Modelling Techniques Analyzing a Section of Qhapaq Ñan
(IEEE, 2015) Retamozo, Saúl; Zvietcovich, Fernando; Arce, Diego; Quintana, Matias; Angeles, Sergio; Castañeda, Benjamin; Aguilar, Rafael; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Total Station has been one of the most common acquisition devices for achieving maps through topographic survey. Nowadays, Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and Photogrammetry are commonly used to generate accurate meshes. In addition, commercial products such as Kinect offer low cost technology to acquire point-cloud information. The present paper aims to measure the accuracy of these digital modelling techniques by employing elevation contour maps, surface deviations and distance measurements. For this purpose, a 450 m sector of the Qhapaq Nan located in Lima-Peru, was selected as a case of study. A camera-enabled drone was used for acquiring pictures to obtain a high-resolution photogrammetric Total Station has been one of the most common acquisition devices for achieving maps through topographic survey. Nowadays, Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and Photogrammetry are commonly used to generate accurate meshes. In addition, commercial products such as Kinect offer low cost technology to acquire point-cloud information. The present paper aims to measure the accuracy of these digital modelling techniques by employing elevation contour maps, surface deviations and distance measurements. For this purpose, a 450 m sector of the Qhapaq Nan located in Lima-Peru, was selected as a case of study. A camera-enabled drone was used for acquiring pictures to obtain a high-resolution photogrammetric model. Subsequently, a 3D survey of the monument was conducted with a time-of-flight laser scanner. Contour elevation lines where extracted from TLS, Photogrammetry and Total Station models at the same depths in order to determine the precision of photogrammetry and laser scanner reconstructions. In addition, geometrical comparisons were performed among the 3D models above mentioned and the Kinect sensor. The comparison showed that TLS is the most accurate tool for 3D reconstruction. However, Photogrammetry and Kinect provided errors of less than one centimeter in accuracy.
Optimizing UAV Systems for Rapid Survey and Reconstruction of Large Scale Cultural Heritage Sites
(IEEE, 2015) Meyer, Dominique; Fraijo, Elioth; Lo, Eric Kwok Cheung; Rissolo, Dominique; Kuester, Falko; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Recording geometrically and aesthetically accurate models of cultural heritage sites is important for both their conservation and understanding of historical importance. Rapid imaging systems are required to capture models efficiently so that large sites can be documented with sufficient resolution. Increasing availability of consumer-level drones has fostered digital data collection to replace traditional surveying methods. While such systems allow photogrammetric data to be gathered, they often prove inadequate for large scale rapid imaging. We propose an aerial system infrastructure based on: adapted aerial platforms; optimizations for flight path generation and UAV operations; high-bandwidth LTE transmission; methods of efficient point cloud generation, to rapidly document large scale heritage sites.
Geometry to Web - Jaen's Cathedral
(IEEE, 2015) Tirado, Gregorio Soria; Alvarado, Lidia Ortega; Higaruela, Francisco R. Feito; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
In this paper we describe the methodology carried out in the Cathedral of Jaén (Spain) during the scanning, processing of the resulting point clouds and the post-processing into a three-dimensional model. The virtual cathedral is placed in a web-site using WebGL in order to be visited and admired in detail.
Representation of the Santander Cathedral by Combination of Different Smart Techniques
(IEEE, 2015) Cosido, Óscar J.; Terán, Leticia; Campi, Massimiliano; Catuogno, Raffaele; Ruiz, Óscar; Sendino, Jesús M.; Sarabia, Pedro; Pereda, José; Iglesias, Andrés; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Inside Santander city, we find two different historical parts, ''la Puebla vieja'', oldest part of the city, where the cathedral is located and ''la Puebla nueva''. A research team has been created with two purposes: study and make the architectural survey of historic building, through collaboration between the emerged company, 3D Intelligence, the Universidad de Cantabria, the Universit degli Studi di Napoli ''Federico II'' and the School - Workshop from the City Council of Santander, thus a number of projects for the digital documentation of the Santander City Heritage have been generated [1] as the beginning of the analysis and three-dimensional modeling of the historical evolution of the city. For which we used a new methodology for understanding the Historic Urban Landscape [2], trying to validate the novel concepts in the field of cultural heritage [3].
The Virtual Reconstruction of the Minaret of Mansourah Mosque (Algeria)
(IEEE, 2015) Morena, Sara; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This contribution synthetically addresses some of the photogrammetric solutions available today in the field of architectural-archaeological survey and the related applications outcome, evaluated during both the acquisition phase of metric data than in those of effective yield of refunds infographics. Therefore, we have focused on the virtual reconstruction of one of the most emblematic and symbolic building of the Algerian culture, the mosque of Mansourah, returning the minaret as it appeared before its partial collapse, namely correspondent in geometry, textures and colours. The work is part of a larger research project to promote knowledge and dissemination of Algeria cultural heritage, with 'original' approach about the validation of an integrated methodology. In particular, the analysis has led to the application of the theory of errors on the survey of the elevations obtained by the two different methods of photogrammetric survey, multi-image and stereoscopic. The documented example shows how it is possible to achieve reliable reconstructions of each structure, although presently destroyed, bringing to light traces of a story now lost.
Recovering the History of Bergen Belsen Using an Interactive 3D Reconstruction in a Mixed Reality Space: the Role of Pre-knowledge on Memory Recollection
(IEEE, 2015) Oliva, Laura Serra; Mura, Anna; Betella, Alberto; Martinez, Enrique; Verschure, Paul; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The question addressed by our work is twofold: On the one hand we want to contribute to the preservation of the Holocaust cultural heritage using digital technology, on the other hand, we want to investigate the impact of pre-knowledge on context information when this information is acquired in a virtual environment. Specifically, we wanted to investigate the user experience after factual or emotional information prior exposure to a virtual environment showing historical information, in this case related to the Holocaust. We developed a 3D reconstruction of the delousing building of the Bergen Belsen concentration camp and deployed it in an interactive mixed reality space. Here the user was engaged in a guided tour of the delousing building and was exposed to factual information on the configuration of the building and its history through pictures and a narrating voice. The results of our study show that prior knowledge i.e ''emotional vs factual'' affects memory recollection and thus our ability to retain relevant information. The outcome of our study supports the usefulness of digital and interactive technologies as a tool to recover and preserve cultural heritage.
Novel Application of 3D Documentation Techniques at a Submerged Late Pleistocene Cave Site in Quintana Roo, Mexico
(IEEE, 2015) Rissolo, Dominique; Blank, Alberto Nava; Petrovic, Vid; Arce, Roberto Chavez; Jaskolski, Corey; Erreguerena, Pilar Luna; Chatters, James C.; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The submerged cave site of Hoyo Negro, located along the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, contains a diverse fossil assemblage of extinct megafauna as well as a nearly complete human skeleton. The remote nature of the site, and its limited access for researchers, requires the use of specialized documentation techniques in order to fully record the site and all its elements in three dimensions. The Proyecto Arqueologico Subacuatico Hoyo Negro of the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (INAH) of Mexico in cooperation with the Center of Interdisciplinary Science for Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (CISA3) at the University of California, San Diego is developing advanced protocols for structure-from-motion documentation and visualization of underwater cultural heritage sites.
OCHRE a Powerful Tool for Culture Historical Research - A Chronological Model for Historical Roads and Paths
(IEEE, 2015) Vletter, Willem; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
In this paper the Online Cultural and Historical Research Environment (OCHRE) will be presented as a tool that facilitates the dating of historical roads and paths. It is makes use of extracted roads and paths from Airborne Laser Scan (ALS) data and historical maps. In this way, physical data and historical data are combined, resulting in a chronological model. In this model several queries can be carried out for analytical purposes.
The Chimu Offerings - Integration of Applied Science and New Media in the Preservation and Dissemination of Prehispanic Heritage
(IEEE, 2015) Vilca, Cecilia; Castillo, Luis Enrique; Velasquez, Gladys Ocharan; Sarmento, Marco; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Example of integration of disciplines and professionals that use different technologies as part of the research process, recovery and revalorization of one of the major collections of metals of prehispanic heritage of Peru. It includes laboratory analysis of the vessels with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and x-rays, and their analytical, iconographic, technological and symbolic study in order to understand the society and the specialized work of the prehispanic goldsmiths. To finally use new media to bring the public these highly complex processes using tools and techniques of digital art such as video mapping, video editing, 2D animation and 3D animation.
Digitizing the Culture of Beijing - An Introduction of the Memories of Beijing Project
(IEEE, 2015) Liang, Jihong; Ma, Linqing; Wu, Yunpeng; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The Memories of Beijing project is an effort that aims at identification, representing, and disseminating the rich culture of Beijing, the capital city of China, via the employment of digital technologies. This proposal introduces the project's work up to date.
Crowd-sourcing the 3D Digital Reconstructions of Lost Cultural Heritage
(IEEE, 2015) Vincent, Matthew; Coughenour, Chance; Remondino, Fabio; Gutiérrez, Mariano Flores; Bendicho, Victor Manuel Lopez-Menchero; Fritsch, Dieter; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Crowd-sourced photogrammetric reconstructions offer a unique opportunity for the digital visualisation of lost heritage. Project Mosul is a project that seeks to digitally reconstruct lost heritage, whether through war, conflict, natural disaster or other means, and preserve the memory of that heritage through digital preservation schemes. The project is not without its challenges, however. For example, geometric fidelity is impossible to determine, maintaining community interest, while returning some value to the research community. That being said, textured 3D models can still be a valuable source for visualization, memory and documentation.
PATRINAT - The Drawings in Buffon's Histoire Naturelle, Towards a Digitized Heritage
(IEEE, 2015) Thierry, Laugee; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
The PATRINAT project mainly focuses on the cataloging, digitization and dissemination of the drawings and engravings composing the collection of drawings given by Buffon to the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Those drawings used for the Histoire naturelle have never been displayed because of the difficulty of letting them be accessible or manipulated. This is why a digitization work has to be carried out and how we envisage the preservation and display of these multidisciplinary items. To respect the multidisciplinarity of the objects, we're working with art historians and biologists to give the most scientific approach of those drawings.
Nuragic Sacred Well of Santa Cristina in Sardinia - From the 3D Survey Analysis to Labour Investment
(IEEE, 2015) Vico, Lola; Hermon, Sorin; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
This paper relates an ongoing research carrying out at the Cyprus Institute -STARC, focusing on the mobilization of labour required for Santa Cristina sacred well construction, during the Bronze Age period of The Nuragic Bronze Age in Sardinia on the basis on the 3D survey analysis. It adopts a framework for systematically calculating the process and the labour cost of construction, using such cost to deduce relative differences in political control among groups and communities through labour control. The labour cost will be use also for suggest specific systems of recruitment that may have been in place for mobilizing workers, and to argue that sacred well construction would not have been particularly burdensome or demanding for local population.
Minor Harbours of the East Coast of Ireland
(IEEE, 2015) Shotton, Elizabeth; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Considerable progress in the engineering of maritime structures occurred between the 18th and 20th centuries in Ireland. While major harbours have been well documented, there remain considerable structures that due to their small size have been overlooked. These minor harbours represent a considerable source of information, many having originated through local efforts only to be later modified through government works in the 19th and 20th centuries. The danger posed to these structures from deterioration and rising sea levels is increasing and it is imperative to create accurate records for the appropriate management and conservation of these structures. An initial pilot study of Coliemore Harbour [1] was undertaken in 2014-15, which served to establish a provisional methodology for scanning procedures, using a Leica Geosystems LiDAR scanner, from which precise measurements and configurations of each structure can be catalogued and compared. The pilot study served to identify issues to be addressed to ensure the information captured is both complete and as widely transportable to alternative formats as possible for ease of access to a broader range of users.

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