IPT/EGVE 2005: 9th International Workshop on Immersive Projection Technology, 11th Eurographics Workshop on Virtual Enviroments

Permanent URI for this collection

https://diglib7.eg.org/handle/10.2312/372

Low-Cost, Portable, Multi-Wall Virtual Reality

[meta data] [files:
009-014.pdf
]
Miller, Samuel A.
; 
Misch, Noah J.
; 
Dalton, Aaron J.

Imperceptible Projection Blanking for Reliable Segmentation within Mixed Reality Applications

[meta data] [files:
023-030.pdf
]
Kuechler, M.
; 
Kunz, A.

Using a single Spatial light modulator for stereoscopic images of high color quality and resolution

[meta data] [files:
015-022.pdf
]
Hopp, Armin

Näprä - Affordable Fingertip Tracking with Ultrasound

[meta data] [files:
051-058.pdf
]
Reunanen, M.
; 
Palovuori, K.
; 
Ilmonen, T.
; 
Mäkelä, W.

Binaural Acoustics For CAVE-like Environments Without Headphones

[meta data] [files:
031-040.pdf
]
Assenmacher, I.
; 
Kuhlen, T.
; 
Lentz, T.

Optical Tracking and Calibration of Tangible Interaction Devices

[meta data] [files:
041-050.pdf
]
Rhijn, Arjen van
; 
Mulder, Jurriaan D.

Modeling of Trees with 3D Gestures and Growth Simulation

[meta data] [files:
097-104.pdf
]
Murakami, N.
; 
Onishi, K.
; 
Kitamura, Y.
; 
Kishino, F.

Towards a general concept for distributed visualisation of simulations in Virtual Reality environments

[meta data] [files:
079-090.pdf
]
J.Metze,
; 
Neidhold, B.
; 
Wacker, M.

A Game Engine-based Multi-Projection Virtual Environment with System-Level Synchronization

[meta data] [files:
069-078.pdf
]
Hashimoto, Naoki
; 
Ishida, Yoshihiko
; 
Sato, Makoto

Running Large VR Applications on a PC Cluster: the FlowVR Experience

[meta data] [files:
059-068.pdf
]
Allard, Jérémie
; 
Ménier, Clément
; 
Boyer, Edmond
; 
Raffin, Bruno

Dynamic Bounding Volume Hierarchies for Occlusion Culling

[meta data] [files:
091-096.pdf
]
Kovalcík, Vít
; 
Tobola, Petr

Feature Tracking in VR for Cumulus Cloud Life-Cycle Studies

[meta data] [files:
121-128.pdf
]
Griffith, E. J.
; 
Post, F. H.
; 
Koutek, M.
; 
Heus, T.
; 
Jonker, H. J. J.

Real-time Deformation of Detailed Geometry Based on Mappings to a Less Detailed Physical Simulation on the GPU

[meta data] [files:
105-111.pdf
]
Mosegaard, J.
; 
Sørensen, T. S.

Distributed Software-Based Volume Visualization in a Virtual Environment

[meta data] [files:
129-140.pdf
]
Fuhrmann, A. L.
; 
Splechtna, R. C.
; 
Mroz, L.
; 
Hauser, H.

Augmented Reality Interaction for Semiautomatic Volume Classification

[meta data] [files:
113-120.pdf
]
Río, A. del
; 
Fischer, J.
; 
Köbele, M.
; 
Bartz, D.
; 
Straßer, W.

Interacting with Molecular Structures: User Performance versus System Complexity

[meta data] [files:
147-156.pdf
]
Liere, R. van
; 
Martens, J.-B. O. S.
; 
Kok, A. J. F.
; 
Tienen, M. H. A. V. van

Language Learning in Virtual Environments: Bobo and Apples

[meta data] [files:
141-145.pdf
]
Holmen, H.
; 
Nielsen, F.

Attribute Correlations between Haptic and Auditory Modalities

[meta data] [files:
157-161.pdf
]
Baird, Bridget
; 
Izmirli, Özgür
; 
Heacock, Bradford
; 
Blevins, Donald

Virtual Pockets in Virtual Reality

[meta data] [files:
163-170.pdf
]
Ilmonen, Tommi
; 
Reunanen, Markku

Evaluation of Collaborative Construction in Mixed Reality

[meta data] [files:
171-179.pdf
]
Boschker, Breght R.
; 
Mulder, Jurriaan D.

Pseudo-Physical Interaction with a Virtual Car Interior in Immersive Environments

[meta data] [files:
181-189.pdf
]
Moehring, Mathias
; 
Froehlich, Bernd

Tangible 3D: Hand Gesture Interaction for Immersive 3D Modeling

[meta data] [files:
191-199.pdf
]
Kim, Hyosun
; 
Albuquerque, Georgia
; 
Havemann, Sven
; 
Fellner, Dieter W.

Applications of Augmented Reality for Maintenance Training

[meta data] [files:
219-220.pdf
]
Weng, Dongdong
; 
Wang, Yongtian
; 
Liu, Yue

IntenSelect: Using Dynamic Object Rating for Assisting 3D Object Selection

[meta data] [files:
201-209.pdf
]
Haan, Gerwin de
; 
Koutek, Michal
; 
Post, Frits H.

Experience of a Hybrid Information Space between an Outdoor Field and an Immersive Virtual World

[meta data] [files:
217-218.pdf
]
Ogi, T.
; 
Fujise, T.

Reducing Fragmentation in Telecollaboration by Using IPT Interfaces

[meta data] [files:
211-216.pdf
]
Roberts, D.
; 
Al-Liabi, M.
; 
Wolff, R.
; 
Otto, O.
; 
Al-Khalifah, A.

Enhanced Hand Manipulation for Efficient and Precise Positioning and Release

[meta data] [files:
221-222.pdf
]
Osawa, N.

Colosseum3D Authoring framework for Virtual Environments

[meta data] [files:
225-226.pdf
]
Backman, Anders

Towards Better Quality in Virtual Environments

[meta data] [files:
223-224.pdf
]
Mannuß, F.
; 
Hinkenjann, A.

BibTeX (IPT/EGVE 2005: 9th International Workshop on Immersive Projection Technology, 11th Eurographics Workshop on Virtual Enviroments)
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/009-014,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Low-Cost, Portable, Multi-Wall Virtual Reality}},

author = {
Miller, Samuel A.
 and 
Misch, Noah J.
 and 
Dalton, Aaron J.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/009-014}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/023-030,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Imperceptible Projection Blanking for Reliable Segmentation within Mixed Reality Applications}},

author = {
Kuechler, M.
 and 
Kunz, A.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/023-030}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/015-022,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Using a single Spatial light modulator for stereoscopic images of high color quality and resolution}},

author = {
Hopp, Armin
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/015-022}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/051-058,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Näprä - Affordable Fingertip Tracking with Ultrasound}},

author = {
Reunanen, M.
 and 
Palovuori, K.
 and 
Ilmonen, T.
 and 
Mäkelä, W.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/051-058}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/031-040,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Binaural Acoustics For CAVE-like Environments Without Headphones}},

author = {
Assenmacher, I.
 and 
Kuhlen, T.
 and 
Lentz, T.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/031-040}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/041-050,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Optical Tracking and Calibration of Tangible Interaction Devices}},

author = {
Rhijn, Arjen van
 and 
Mulder, Jurriaan D.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/041-050}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/097-104,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Modeling of Trees with 3D Gestures and Growth Simulation}},

author = {
Murakami, N.
 and 
Onishi, K.
 and 
Kitamura, Y.
 and 
Kishino, F.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/097-104}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/079-090,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Towards a general concept for distributed visualisation of simulations in Virtual Reality environments}},

author = {
J.Metze,
 and 
Neidhold, B.
 and 
Wacker, M.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/079-090}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/069-078,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
A Game Engine-based Multi-Projection Virtual Environment with System-Level Synchronization}},

author = {
Hashimoto, Naoki
 and 
Ishida, Yoshihiko
 and 
Sato, Makoto
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/069-078}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/059-068,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Running Large VR Applications on a PC Cluster: the FlowVR Experience}},

author = {
Allard, Jérémie
 and 
Ménier, Clément
 and 
Boyer, Edmond
 and 
Raffin, Bruno
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/059-068}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/091-096,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Dynamic Bounding Volume Hierarchies for Occlusion Culling}},

author = {
Kovalcík, Vít
 and 
Tobola, Petr
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/091-096}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/121-128,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Feature Tracking in VR for Cumulus Cloud Life-Cycle Studies}},

author = {
Griffith, E. J.
 and 
Post, F. H.
 and 
Koutek, M.
 and 
Heus, T.
 and 
Jonker, H. J. J.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/121-128}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/105-111,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Real-time Deformation of Detailed Geometry Based on Mappings to a Less Detailed Physical Simulation on the GPU}},

author = {
Mosegaard, J.
 and 
Sørensen, T. S.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/105-111}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/129-140,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Distributed Software-Based Volume Visualization in a Virtual Environment}},

author = {
Fuhrmann, A. L.
 and 
Splechtna, R. C.
 and 
Mroz, L.
 and 
Hauser, H.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/129-140}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/113-120,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Augmented Reality Interaction for Semiautomatic Volume Classification}},

author = {
Río, A. del
 and 
Fischer, J.
 and 
Köbele, M.
 and 
Bartz, D.
 and 
Straßer, W.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/113-120}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/147-156,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Interacting with Molecular Structures: User Performance versus System Complexity}},

author = {
Liere, R. van
 and 
Martens, J.-B. O. S.
 and 
Kok, A. J. F.
 and 
Tienen, M. H. A. V. van
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/147-156}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/141-145,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Language Learning in Virtual Environments:  Bobo and Apples}},

author = {
Holmen, H.
 and 
Nielsen, F.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/141-145}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/157-161,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Attribute Correlations between Haptic and Auditory Modalities}},

author = {
Baird, Bridget
 and 
Izmirli, Özgür
 and 
Heacock, Bradford
 and 
Blevins, Donald
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/157-161}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/163-170,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Virtual Pockets in Virtual Reality}},

author = {
Ilmonen, Tommi
 and 
Reunanen, Markku
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/163-170}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/171-179,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Evaluation of Collaborative Construction in Mixed Reality}},

author = {
Boschker, Breght R.
 and 
Mulder, Jurriaan D.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/171-179}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/181-189,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Pseudo-Physical Interaction with a Virtual Car Interior in Immersive Environments}},

author = {
Moehring, Mathias
 and 
Froehlich, Bernd
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/181-189}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/191-199,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Tangible 3D: Hand Gesture Interaction for Immersive 3D Modeling}},

author = {
Kim, Hyosun
 and 
Albuquerque, Georgia
 and 
Havemann, Sven
 and 
Fellner, Dieter W.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/191-199}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/219-220,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Applications of Augmented Reality for Maintenance Training}},

author = {
Weng, Dongdong
 and 
Wang, Yongtian
 and 
Liu, Yue
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/219-220}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/201-209,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
IntenSelect: Using Dynamic Object Rating for Assisting 3D Object Selection}},

author = {
Haan, Gerwin de
 and 
Koutek, Michal
 and 
Post, Frits H.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/201-209}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/217-218,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Experience of a Hybrid Information Space between an Outdoor Field and an Immersive Virtual World}},

author = {
Ogi, T.
 and 
Fujise, T.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/217-218}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/211-216,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Reducing Fragmentation in Telecollaboration by Using IPT Interfaces}},

author = {
Roberts, D.
 and 
Al-Liabi, M.
 and 
Wolff, R.
 and 
Otto, O.
 and 
Al-Khalifah, A.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/211-216}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/221-222,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Enhanced Hand Manipulation for Efficient and Precise Positioning and Release}},

author = {
Osawa, N.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/221-222}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/225-226,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Colosseum3D   Authoring framework for Virtual Environments}},

author = {
Backman, Anders
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/225-226}

}
@inproceedings{
10.2312:EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/223-224,

booktitle = {
Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments},

editor = {
Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
},
title = {{
Towards Better Quality in Virtual Environments}},

author = {
Mannuß, F.
 and 
Hinkenjann, A.
},
year = {
2005},

publisher = {
The Eurographics Association},


ISSN = {1727-530X},
ISBN = {978-3-905674-06-4},

DOI = {
10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/223-224}

}

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    Low-Cost, Portable, Multi-Wall Virtual Reality
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Miller, Samuel A.; Misch, Noah J.; Dalton, Aaron J.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Virtual reality systems make compelling outreach displays, but some systems highly suitable for outreach, notably the CAVE, have design features that make using them for that purpose inconvenient. In the case of the CAVE, the equipment is difficult to disassemble, transport, and reassemble, and typically only large-budget research facilities can afford such a system. We implemented a system like the CAVE that costs less than $30,000, weighs about 500 pounds, and fits into a fifteen-passenger van. A team of six people have unpacked, assembled, and calibrated the system in less than two hours. This cost reduction versus similar virtual reality systems stems from the unique approach we took to stereoscopic projection. We used an assembly of optical chopper wheels and commodity LCD projectors to create true active stereo at less than a fifth of the cost of comparable active stereo technologies. The screen and frame design also harbor portability optimizations; the frame assembles in minutes with only two fasteners, and both pack into small bundles for easy and secure shipment.
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    Imperceptible Projection Blanking for Reliable Segmentation within Mixed Reality Applications
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Kuechler, M.; Kunz, A.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Applications that run in a projection-based mixed reality environment frequently require simultaneous image acquisition of the user by a camera. For later processing, very often a segmentation of the user s image is required, but along with the user, the camera captures the projected dynamic image in the background of the scene. This dynamic background complicates the later segmentation of the user in real-time. To ease segmentation, we introduce methods allowing to imperceptible blank the projected image for the camera. Four different methods are tested and compared. Acquired video streams are recorded and a successful segmentation of a user in front of a dynamic background is demonstrated. The paper concludes with an outlook on possible applications.
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    Using a single Spatial light modulator for stereoscopic images of high color quality and resolution
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Hopp, Armin; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Since stereoscopy is a fundamental part of an immersive display, stereoscopic imaging has been part of many research papers and patents in the past. There have been different approaches developed to generate and transport the two images to the human eye. In general we can say that image generation may be done by one or two units and image encoding is done either by frequency, time or orientation. For image generation Projectors of CRT, LCD, LCOS and DLP Type are well known. Since 3D has gained more public interest, in the past different approaches have been undertaken to simplify setups for stereoscopy. Often two projectors are used to generate stereoscopic images. But these need more maintenance than a single projector system. For a single projector, frame interleaved stereoscopic Image generation is well known for 3Chip DLP Systems using three spatial light modulators to generate the image. In this paper we describe a solution producing frame interleaved output using a single chip spatial light modulator or digital micro mirror device (DMD) allowing combining high resolution and coloring quality.
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    Näprä - Affordable Fingertip Tracking with Ultrasound
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Reunanen, M.; Palovuori, K.; Ilmonen, T.; Mäkelä, W.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    In this paper we present Näprä, a novel tracking device suitable for fine motor interaction. The motivation for building the device was the need to track users' fingertips in an immersive free-hand drawing environment. Such tracking offers significant benefits for fine-grained artwork. Out of the numerous tracking methods ultrasound was chosen because of its affordability and low computational requirements. The design and implementation of both the hardware and software are discussed in detail in their respective sections. The device was evaluated in practice by two user tests, the first involving ten professional artists and the latter seven ordinary users. The results obtained in the tests are presented to reader as well as some directions for future work.
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    Binaural Acoustics For CAVE-like Environments Without Headphones
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Assenmacher, I.; Kuhlen, T.; Lentz, T.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    The human auditory system, in contrast to the human visual system, can perceive input from all directions and has no limited field of view. As such, it provides valuable cues for navigation and orientation in virtual environments. However, audio stimuli are not that common in today s Virtual Reality applications, and this might result from the lack of middleware or user acceptance due to the need for specialized or costly hardware. Surprisingly, the lack of headphone-less near body acoustics is widely accepted, and simple intensity panning approaches that enable plausible spatial audio are used. This paper describes a networked environment for sophisticated binaural synthesis-based audio rendering in visual VR applications for a freely moving listener in a CAVE-like environment without the use of headphones. It describes the binaural acoustics rendering technique and a dynamic crosstalk cancellation system for four loudspeakers. In addition to that, synchronization issues and network coupling together with performance measurements that proof the applicability of the system in interactive Virtual Environments are discussed.
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    Optical Tracking and Calibration of Tangible Interaction Devices
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Rhijn, Arjen van; Mulder, Jurriaan D.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    In this paper, a novel optical tracking and object calibration system is presented for the recognition and pose estimation of tangible interaction devices for virtual and augmented reality systems. The calibration system allows a user to automatically generate models of the relative positions of point-shaped markers attached to interaction devices, simply by moving them in front of the cameras. There are virtually no constraints on the shape of interaction devices. The tracking method takes the calibrated models as input, and recognizes devices by subgraph matching. Both the calibration and tracking methods can handle partial occlusion. Results show the proposed techniques are efficient, accurate, and robust.
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    Modeling of Trees with 3D Gestures and Growth Simulation
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Murakami, N.; Onishi, K.; Kitamura, Y.; Kishino, F.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    We propose a modeling system that enables users to create tree models with 3D gesture input. It generates tree models by using growth simulation based on the trunk or silhouette shapes of trees given by user gestures. The system carefully addresses the fragile balance and tradeoff between the freedom of user interaction and the autonomy of tree growth. Users intuitively and easily create tree models that have the exact features of branching structures or the silhouette shape of trees according to user intentions and imagination.
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    Towards a general concept for distributed visualisation of simulations in Virtual Reality environments
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) J.Metze,; Neidhold, B.; Wacker, M.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    We present a concept for Virtual Reality-Systems that allows easy design and implementation of applications in virtual environments as well as fast integration of new hardware and software components into an existing system of this type. Starting from an abstract module based approach for distributed systems we provide a guidance for specifying and designing components for VR-Applications with focus on the communication, administration and visualisation. Finally we have implemented a proof-of-concept for a cab simulator to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
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    A Game Engine-based Multi-Projection Virtual Environment with System-Level Synchronization
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Hashimoto, Naoki; Ishida, Yoshihiko; Sato, Makoto; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    In multi-projector displays, which surround users with high-resolution images, a PC-Cluster is often used for realistic and real-time image generation. However, developing applications that support parallel processing on the PC-Cluster is quite troublesome. It is also difficult to acquire sufficient rendering performance because of the limited bandwidth of the PC-Cluster. Therefore, we aim to achieve affordable and accessible software environments for the multi-projector displays. In this paper, we describe a self-distributing software environment for inheriting existent game engines which provide basic functions of realizing virtual environments. This environment achieves minimum data communication based on a master-slave model. The communication mechanism is automatically applied to target applications by intercepting APIs. Hence we can directly exploit high-capability of the existing game engines on the multi-projector displays.
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    Running Large VR Applications on a PC Cluster: the FlowVR Experience
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Allard, Jérémie; Ménier, Clément; Boyer, Edmond; Raffin, Bruno; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    In this paper, we present how FlowVR enables the development of modular and high performance VR applications running on a PC cluster. FlowVR is a middleware we specifically developed targeting distributed interactive applications. The goal of the FlowVR design is to favor the application modularity in an attempt to alleviate software engineering issues while taking advantage of this modularity to enable efficient executions on PC clusters. FlowVR relies on an extended data flow model that enables to implement complex message handling functions like collective communications, or bounding box based routing. After a short presentation of FlowVR, we describe a representative application that takes benefit of FlowVR to reach a real time performance running on a PC Cluster.
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    Dynamic Bounding Volume Hierarchies for Occlusion Culling
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Kovalcík, Vít; Tobola, Petr; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    We present an algorithm for rendering complex scenes using occlusion queries to resolve visibility. To organize objects in the scene, the algorithm uses a ternary tree which is dynamically modified according to the current view and positions of the objects in the scene. Aside from using heuristic techniques to estimate unnecessary queries, the algorithm uses several new features to estimate the set of visible objects more precisely while still retaining the conservativeness. The algorithm is suitable for both static and dynamic scenes with huge number of moving objects.
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    Feature Tracking in VR for Cumulus Cloud Life-Cycle Studies
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Griffith, E. J.; Post, F. H.; Koutek, M.; Heus, T.; Jonker, H. J. J.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Feature tracking in large data sets is traditionally an off-line, batch processing operation while virtual reality typically focuses on highly interactive tasks and applications. This paper presents an approach that uses a combination of off-line preprocessing and interactive visualization in VR to simplify and speed up the identification of interesting features for further study. We couch the discussion in terms of our collaborative research on using virtual reality for cumulus cloud life-cycle studies, where selecting suitable clouds for study is simple for the skilled observer but difficult to formalize. The preprocessing involves identifying individual clouds within the data set through a 4D connected components algorithm, and then saving isosurface, bounding box, and volume information. This information is then interactively visualized in our VR Cloud Explorer with various tools and information displays to identify the most interesting clouds. In a small pilot study, reasonable performance, both in the preprocessing phase and the visualization phase, has been measured.
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    Real-time Deformation of Detailed Geometry Based on Mappings to a Less Detailed Physical Simulation on the GPU
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Mosegaard, J.; Sørensen, T. S.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Modern graphics processing units (GPUs) can be effectively used to solve physical systems. To use the GPU optimally, the discretization of the physical system is often restricted to a regular grid. When grid values represent spatial positions, a direct visualization can result in a jagged appearance. In this paper we propose to decouple computation and visualization of such systems. We define mappings that enable the deformation of a high-resolution surface based on a physical simulation on a lower resolution uniform grid. More specifically we investigate new approaches for the visualization of a GPU based spring-mass simulation.
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    Distributed Software-Based Volume Visualization in a Virtual Environment
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Fuhrmann, A. L.; Splechtna, R. C.; Mroz, L.; Hauser, H.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    In this paper we present our integration of volume rendering into virtual reality, combining a fast and flexible software implementation of direct volume rendering with the intuitive manipulation and navigation techniques of a virtual environment. By distributing the visualization and interaction tasks to two low-end PCs we managed to realize a highly interactive, yet inexpensive set-up. The volume objects are seamlessly integrated into the polygonal virtual environment through image-based rendering. The interaction techniques include scalar parameterization of transfer functions, direct 3D selection, 3D highlighting of volume objects and clipping cubes and cutting planes. These methods combined with the interaction and display devices of virtual reality form a powerful yet intuitive environment for the investigation of volume data sets. As main application areas we propose training and education.
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    Augmented Reality Interaction for Semiautomatic Volume Classification
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Río, A. del; Fischer, J.; Köbele, M.; Bartz, D.; Straßer, W.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    In the visualization of 3D medical data, the appropriateness of the achieved result is highly dependent on the application. Therefore, an intuitive interaction with the user is of utter importance in order to determine the particular aim of the visualization. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the visualization of 3D medical data with volume rendering combined with AR-based user interaction. The utilization of augmented reality (AR), with the assistance of a set of simple tools, allows the direct manipulation in 3D of the rendered data. The proposed method takes into account regions of interest defined by the user and employs this information to automatically generate an adequate transfer function. Machine learning techniques are utilized for the automatic creation of transfer functions, which are to be used during the classification stage of the rendering pipeline. The validity of the proposed approach for medical applications is illustrated.
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    Interacting with Molecular Structures: User Performance versus System Complexity
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Liere, R. van; Martens, J.-B. O. S.; Kok, A. J. F.; Tienen, M. H. A. V. van; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Effective interaction in a virtual environment requires that the user can adequately judge the spatial relationships between the objects in a 3D scene. In order to accomplish adequate depth perception, existing virtual environments create useful perceptual cues through stereoscopy, motion parallax and (active or passive) haptic feedback. Specific hardware, such as high-end monitors with stereoscopic glasses, head-mounted tracking and mirrors are required to accomplish this. Many potential VR users however refuse to wear cumbersome devices and to adjust to an imposed work environment, especially for longer periods of time. It is therefore important to quantify the repercussions of dropping one or more of the above technologies. These repercussions are likely to depend on the application area, so that comparisons should be performed on tasks that are important and/or occur frequently in the application field of interest. In this paper, we report on a formal experiment in which the effects of different hardware components on the speed and accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) interaction tasks are established. The tasks that have been selected for the experiment are inspired by interactions and complexities, as they typically occur when exploring molecular structures. From the experimental data, we develop linear regression models to predict the speed and accuracy of the interaction tasks. Our findings show that hardware supported depth cues have a significant positive effect on task speed and accuracy, while software supported depth cues, such as shadows and perspective cues, have a negative effect on trial time. The task trial times are smaller in a simple fish-tank like desktop environment than in a more complex co-location enabled environment, sometimes at the cost of reduced accuracy.
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    Language Learning in Virtual Environments: Bobo and Apples
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Holmen, H.; Nielsen, F.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Bobo and Apples is one of the prototype games within SAME4KIDS (Speech-based,Animated, Multilingual,Educational games for Kids, http://same4kids.sourceforge.net/ ), a multi-language and multi-purpose games project for young kids of age 3-5 years. The main goal of SAME4KIDS is to expose young learners to multi-module games in various available platforms. In the prototype of Bobo and Apples , the game is designed to teach multiple languages and simple math within a frame of virtual environment, using mainly visual images, animation and sound. In this paper we introduce the main design concept and architecture for the prototype, as well as the envisioned VR conversion of the game, based on the Animarium system.
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    Attribute Correlations between Haptic and Auditory Modalities
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Baird, Bridget; Izmirli, Özgür; Heacock, Bradford; Blevins, Donald; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Correlations between attributes in the haptic domain and those in the auditory will assist in multimodal applications. This paper looks at the auditory attributes of pitch and reverberation and the haptic attributes of vibration, size and viscosity and seeks to correlate changes in one of the modalities with changes in the other. A total of 4 pairs of experiments were performed. The results indicate significant correlations in 3 of the pairs: pitch/vibration, pitch/viscosity, reverberation/size. There was no significant correlation found between reverberation and viscosity. These results have significance for designers of multimodal interfaces in virtual environments.
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    Virtual Pockets in Virtual Reality
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Ilmonen, Tommi; Reunanen, Markku; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    This paper presents the use of the virtual pocket user interface metaphor in virtual environments (VEs). Virtual pockets act like real-world pockets ó the user can put tools into pockets and select them with simple gestures. The pockets are body-centric and they can be used while the user is focusing on some object in the VE. We present the behavior of our virtual pocket implementation and compare its performance with different variations. The user tests show that virtual pockets are a useful metaphor and that selection of the correct feedback method has a strong impact on how well the pockets work.
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    Evaluation of Collaborative Construction in Mixed Reality
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Boschker, Breght R.; Mulder, Jurriaan D.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Collaborative virtual and augmented reality are an active area of research and many systems supporting collaboration have been presented. Just like there are many different systems for VR and AR, there are many different types of collaboration. In some cases, virtual reality is used to enhance an existing collaborative process. In other cases, it enables new types of collaboration that previously were not possible (e.g. distributed VR). Other systems support tasks that can be performed either individually as well as collaboratively. While these tasks may allow to be performed collaboratively, little has been said on what the benefit is in doing so. We present a user study of a collaborative construction task in a shared physical workspace virtual reality environment under various degrees of interaction in collaboration. Our results show that, for this type of task, a pair of subjects concurrently interacting can be significantly more effective, even though individual user performance decreases. Our results further show that there is no significant benefit in giving only verbal and non-verbal assistance over a single user performing the task.
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    Pseudo-Physical Interaction with a Virtual Car Interior in Immersive Environments
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Moehring, Mathias; Froehlich, Bernd; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    The use of Virtual Reality technology for the product engineering process in the automotive industry has a lot of potential in particular in the area of usability and reachability studies. We analyzed the manipulation of knobs, controls, flaps, mirrors and other components in a real car and classified them with respect to their constraints. Based on this classification, we developed a set of pseudo-physical direct interaction techniques, which closely approximate the real world behavior without employing a force-feedback device. Our approach uses a hierarchical grasp heuristic to decouple the interaction from the collision of the fingers with the virtual car components. This approach makes the interaction more robust while no haptic feedback is available. A pilot study of our implementation revealed that our direct manipulation techniques are a good step towards more realistic interaction with virtual car interiors.
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    Tangible 3D: Hand Gesture Interaction for Immersive 3D Modeling
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Kim, Hyosun; Albuquerque, Georgia; Havemann, Sven; Fellner, Dieter W.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Most of all interaction tasks relevant for a general three-dimensional virtual environment can be supported by 6DOF control and grab/select input. Obviously a very efficient method is direct manipulation with bare hands, like in real environment. This paper shows the possibility to perform non-trivial tasks using only a few well-known hand gestures, so that almost no training is necessary to interact with 3D-softwares. Using this gesture interaction we have built an immersive 3D modeling system with 3D model representation based on a mesh library, which is optimized not only for real-time rendering but also accommodates for changes of both vertex positions and mesh connectivity in real-time. For performing the gesture interaction, the user s hand is marked with just four fingertipthimbles made of inexpensive material as simple as white paper. Within our scenario, the recognized hand gestures are used to select, create, manipulate and deform the meshes in a spontaneous and intuitive way. All modeling tasks are performed wirelessly through a camera/vision tracking method for the head and hand interaction.
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    Applications of Augmented Reality for Maintenance Training
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Weng, Dongdong; Wang, Yongtian; Liu, Yue; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    An Augmented Reality system that is designed for maintenance training is introduced. The proposed system adopts a projector to display the augmented video of the components to be repaired. With the augmented video, students can observe not only the real video of the components to be repaired, but also the additional information about the components such as contour, name and inner structure of the key parts etc. In order to accurately track the spatial relationship between the camera and the repaired components, several markers (small infrared LED) are attached with the components to be repaired, which ensure the dependability of the proposed system.
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    IntenSelect: Using Dynamic Object Rating for Assisting 3D Object Selection
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Haan, Gerwin de; Koutek, Michal; Post, Frits H.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    We present IntenSelect, a novel selection technique that dynamically assists the user in the selection of 3D objects in Virtual Environments. Ray-casting selection is commonly used, although it has limited accuracy and can be problematic in more difficult situations where the intended selection object is occluded or moving. Selection-byvolume techniques, which extend normal ray-casting, provide error tolerance to cope with the limited accuracy. However, these extensions generally are not usable in the more complex selection situations.We have devised a new selection-by-volume technique to create a more flexible selection technique which can be used in these situations. To achieve this, we use a new scoring function to calculate the score of objects, which fall within a user controlled, conic selection volume. By accumulating these scores for the objects, we obtain a dynamic, time-dependent, object ranking. The highest ranking object, or active object, is indicated by bending the otherwise straight selection ray towards it. As the selection ray is effectively snapped to the object, the user can now select the object more easily. Our user tests indicate that IntenSelect can improve the selection performance over ray-casting, especially in the more difficult cases of small objects. Furthermore, the introduced time-dependent object ranking proves especially useful when objects are moving, occluded and/or cluttered. Our simple scoring scheme can be easily extended for special purpose interaction such as widget or application specific interaction functionality, which creates new possibilities for complex interaction behavior.
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    Experience of a Hybrid Information Space between an Outdoor Field and an Immersive Virtual World
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Ogi, T.; Fujise, T.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    This paper proposes the concept of the hybrid information space that integrates the information seamlessly between the real world and the virtual world, and the prototype system was developed in which the immersive virtual world was constructed from the photograph images that were taken in the outdoor field. In this system, the user can go and come between the real world and the virtual world by using his own cellular phone as an interface device. This system was applied to relive travel experiences.
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    Reducing Fragmentation in Telecollaboration by Using IPT Interfaces
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Roberts, D.; Al-Liabi, M.; Wolff, R.; Otto, O.; Al-Khalifah, A.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Telecommunication systems, such as AccessGrid, allow collaboration across a distributed team. However, these systems typically introduce fragmentation into the view of the shared environment. Many have found that IPT systems offer several important advantages above other display technologies in supporting distance working. This study focuses on fragmentation, which has previously been shown to induce problems in efficient object referencing within a shared virtual environment accessed through desktop displays. We have attempted to repeat the experiment while varying the display type. The results reinforce previous studies by showing a significant improvement in task performance when the entire team uses IPT displays. We further show that the improvement is unlikely to come in this case from more natural interaction or navigation and thus postulate that it arises from more efficient mutual orientation towards objects of interest, arising from a reduction in fragmentation.
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    Enhanced Hand Manipulation for Efficient and Precise Positioning and Release
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Osawa, N.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    Direct manipulation by hand is important in that it allows users to manipulate 3D virtual objects easily in an immersive virtual reality environment. Although direct hand manipulation is easy to understand and easy to use for approximate positioning, it has been considered unsuitable for making precise adjustments to virtual objects in an immersive environment because it is difficult to hold an unsupported hand in midair and then release an object at a fixed point. This paper therefore proposes automatic methods of adjustment to position and release virtual objects precisely. These methods are position adjustment, virtual hand size adjustment, viewpoint adjustment, and release adjustment. Combinations of these adjustments enable users to accurately manipulate virtual objects. Experimental evaluation revealed that release adjustment significantly increased the completion ratio for tasks and subjective preference for small targets.
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    Colosseum3D Authoring framework for Virtual Environments
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Backman, Anders; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    This paper describes an authoring environment for real time 3D environments, Colosseum3D. The framework makes it possible to easily create rich virtual environments with rigid-body dynamics, advanced rendering using OpenGL Shaders, 3D sound and human avatars. The creative process of building complex simulators is supported by allowing several authoring paths such as a low level C++ API, an expressive high level file format and a scripting layer.
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    Towards Better Quality in Virtual Environments
    (The Eurographics Association, 2005) Mannuß, F.; Hinkenjann, A.; Erik Kjems and Roland Blach
    This paper describes the work done at our Lab to improve visual and other quality of Virtual Environments. To be able to achieve better quality we built a new Virtual Environments framework called basho. basho is a renderer independent VE framework. Although renderers are not limited to graphics renderers we first concentrated on improving visual quality. Independence is gained from designing basho to have a small kernel and several plugins.