Impact of Immersiveness on Persuasiveness, Politeness, and Social Adherence in Human-Agent Interactions within Small Groups

dc.contributor.authorZojaji, Sahbaen_US
dc.contributor.authorSteed, Anthonyen_US
dc.contributor.authorPeters, Christopheren_US
dc.contributor.editorJean-Marie Normanden_US
dc.contributor.editorMaki Sugimotoen_US
dc.contributor.editorVeronica Sundstedten_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-04T15:43:21Z
dc.date.available2023-12-04T15:43:21Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractPoliteness is critical for shaping human-human interactions and therefore seems an important consideration in human interactions with Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs). However, the impact of artificially-generated politeness behaviors on humans in Virtual Environments (VE) is not clear. We explore the impact of immersiveness on the perceived politeness and consequent persuasive abilities of ECAs in a small group context. A user study with two main conditions, immersive and nonimmersive, was conducted with 66 participants. In the immersive condition, participants were fully immersed in virtual reality (HMD, walking freely), while in the non-immersive condition, participants used a desktop computer interface (screen display, mouse and keyboard control). In both conditions, the primary agent in a group of two ECAs invited participants to join the group using six politeness behaviors derived from Brown and Levinson's politeness theory. While the results of the study did not indicate any significant differences between the immersive and non-immersive conditions in terms of persuasiveness and offensiveness, in the immersive condition, participants perceived the ECAs as less friendly and found their requests to be less clear. On the other hand, participants in the immersive condition reported a greater sense of freedom. Furthermore, the nonimmersive condition showed higher adherence to social norms compared to the immersive condition. These findings emphasize the significance of examining immersiveness on the persuasiveness of ECAs and their perceived politeness and social adherence by humans in human-agent interactions within small groups.en_US
dc.description.sectionheadersPerception
dc.description.seriesinformationICAT-EGVE 2023 - International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments
dc.identifier.doi10.2312/egve.20231315
dc.identifier.isbn978-3-03868-218-9
dc.identifier.issn1727-530X
dc.identifier.pages73-82
dc.identifier.pages10 pages
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.2312/egve.20231315
dc.identifier.urihttps://diglib.eg.org:443/handle/10.2312/egve20231315
dc.publisherThe Eurographics Associationen_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International License
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCCS Concepts: Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in HCI; Virtual reality; User studies
dc.subjectHuman
dc.subjectcentered computing → Empirical studies in HCI
dc.subjectVirtual reality
dc.subjectUser studies
dc.titleImpact of Immersiveness on Persuasiveness, Politeness, and Social Adherence in Human-Agent Interactions within Small Groupsen_US
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