VAST: International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage - Short and Project Papers

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ViSMan-DHER: a Virtual Archaeology Application for Visualization and Management of Archaeological Data Related to ancient Herculaneum (NA), Italy
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Coralini, Antonella; Guidazzoli, Antonella; Corlàita, Daniela Scagliarini; Toffalori, Elena; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
This work aims at presenting a case-study application of ViSMan (Visual Scenarios Manager), an opensource framework developed at Cineca for visualization and interaction with virtual scientific models connected to digital archives of data. ViSMan has been used for the visualization of a digital model of a roman house, realized by the Università di Bologna within the DHER (Domus Herculanensis Rationes) Project. The application allows navigation through several scenarios (the Campanian landscape, the archaeological areas of Pompeii and Herculaneum, some reconstructed houses) and a direct link between the models and a rich digital archive, consisting in old and new photographic documentation of insulae, houses, rooms and wall decoration details, former excavation and restoration reports, and more archaeological data about the reconstructed structures. Most data come from the Archive of the Soprintendenza archeologica of Pompeii and cover many houses in the two archaeological areas. Reconstructed structures were used as a spatial interface for visualization and analysis of the collected data managed through a relational database.
Snapshot Augmented Reality - Augmented Photography
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Zöllner, Michael; Becker, Mario; Keil, Jens; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
With the current generation of smartphones augmented reality (AR) finally gets in the hands of end users. This is a giant leap for cultural heritage presentation. But due to software and hardware limitations of consumer devices the AR experience is still lacking the quality we have seen in research projects over the last years. In this paper we are proposing a scalable method for high quality AR presentations for cultural heritage on a wide range of consumer devices: Snapshot Augmented Reality. Instead of a live video stream superimposed with jittering annotations we are "freezing" the scene and enabling Augmented Reality Photography. The result is an interactive scene superimposed on a still image taken by a visitor. In order to outsource processing power and deliver content for a wide range of smartphones most of the sophisticated software works in the cloud. We are describing a reliable and scalable server infrastructure for tracking objects and environments and delivering context aware content to the visitors' devices.
Automation in Multi-Image Spherical Photogrammetry for 3D Architectural Reconstructions
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Barazzetti, Luigi; Fangi, Gabriele; Remondino, Fabio; Scaioni, Marco; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
The derivation of 3D metric information from spherical images for interactive exploration and realistic 3D modeling is receiving great attention due to their high-resolution content, large field-of-view, lowcost, easiness, rapidity and completeness. We present a methodology for accurate 3D reconstruction from spherical (panoramic) images acquired by mosaicking separated frame images captured with a rotating head and a consumer grade or SLR digital camera. In particular we focus the attention on the orientation of the panoramas which is achieved by extracting the necessary tie points with a new fully automated procedure, based on feature matching and robust estimators. Results of the automated panorama orientations and 3D reconstructions of architectural scenes are presented and discussed.
3D Digitizing and Visualizing a Prehistoric Portable Art Object: a 12,000 Years Old "Bâton Percé"
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Subsol, Gerard; Bourdin, Pierre; Duranthon, Francis; Braga, J.; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
In this paper, we present some results on 3D digitizing and visualizing a prehistoric portable art object. This 12,000 years old artifact was scanned with a surface scanner and with two volume scanners. With this last device, we can reach a high resolution which allows one to distinguish the engravings. It is not so easy to visualize and interact in 3D with such a complex object and we describe a framework composed of a stereoscopic visualization system coupled with a low-cost tangible interface based on a Wiimote.
3D Reconstruction of Archaeological Sites Using Photogrammetry
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Dutailly, Bruno; Mora, Pascal; Vergnieux, Robert; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
The 3D reconstructionof an archaeological site is a difficult task, taking into account the available documentation. Our team, supported by the TGE Adonis, is specialized in 3D reconstruction and conservation of 3D data. We already use numerous sources, like excavation documentation, ancient texts, any kind of representation, land surveys, in-situ pictures, laser or time of flight scannography, and experiments of archaeologists, anthropologists and architects. Since the 80's, each model we produce are scientifically checked by specialists, and regularly updated to follow new knowledges and investigations. In this paper, we present the use of photogrammetry to reconstruct a 3D model of an archaeological site, as a new source of data, less expensive and more accessible than scanners.We present concrete cases: a chapel (12 century p.C., Moissac, France), catacombs of St Pierre et Marcellin (250 p.C., Rome, Italy) and a roman coin (5 a.C., Loron, Croatia). The question of scale and texture mapping is explored through the software like photomodeler and PMVS. Finaly, we discuss the accuracy of photogrammetry in comparison to scanners, the accessibility of this technique to archaeologists, and the interest for fragile artefacts in museums.
PLUG, Université Paris Nuit: A Design Reiteration of a Mobile Museum Edutainment Application
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Damala, Areti; Astic, Isabelle; Aunis, Coline; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
What is the potential of mobile edutainment applications introduced in the informal learning environment of the museum setting? This short paper proposes to shed light on this issue by presenting a design reiteration of a mobile edutainment application designed for a European Science Museum, by particularly insisting on the ways the design, implementation and evaluation of a first mobile serious game, informed the conception of a second game version. The latter has already been proposed to the museum public in four demonstration sessions that provided some first feedback on the acceptance and usability of the proposed mobile application.
Dense Point Cloud Acquisition via Stereo Matching Applied to: the Kilwa Archaeological Site and the Gallo-Roman Theatre of Mandeure
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Hullo, Jean-François; Grussenmeyer, Pierre; Assali, Pierre; Smigiel, Eddie; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
In this paper, we present a methodology for Dense Stereo Matching (DStM) acquisition and processing. Two main applications are detailed. In our application sites, many constraints led us to choose DStM. In the archaeological site of the Gallo-Roman Theatre of Mandeure (France), a initial terrestrial laser scanning campaign had to be completed with patches acquired from DStM because of the site geometric complexity. In the epigraphic and archaeological site of the region of Kilwa (Saudi Arabia), we applied DStM for both prospecting and excavating. We distinguished two kinds of applications in the paper: 1 to 5 stereopairs and 5 to 30 stereopairs. We inserted the data of both kind of cases into larger datasets. These datasets are currently used for archaeological reconstruction purposes of as-built buildings.
Le Corbusier in Bogota 1947-1951: Designing a VR Experience
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Trujillo, Jhon Alejandro Triana; Figueroa, Pablo Alejandro Pablo; Peñaloza, José Tiberio Hernández; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
"Le Corbusier en Bogotá: 1947-1951" is a public exhibition that is being held in two different Museums in Bogota, and celebrates the work of this great architect in planning the urban area of the city. We have developed a VR installation that allows visitors to compare Le Corburier's plan for Bogota with the current layout of the city, as a way to show his ideas and concepts, and as a way to complement and enhance this exhibition. This paper presents our development experience, early evaluation with experts, and the current setup at the Museum.
Using Abstract Model Representations to Complete Three Dimensional Scans of Architectural Space
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Xu, Chen; Rushmeier, Holly; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
Three dimensional scanners can be used to create models of architectural spaces. The resulting models often have missing elements because it is impossible to place the scanner in positions to view all surfaces.Missing elements can be modeled by simplified shapes derived from drawings or sparse linear measurements. Furthermore, in architecture spaces, there are often multiple instances of objects that can be combined to improve the objectmodel. We build on previous work to representmodels abstractly as graphs of relationships between primitive shapes such as planes, cylinders, and spheres.We present an automatic approach to search for incomplete instances of objects using abstract shape representations of both simple models and of the large detailed point cloud. The simple models can be used to fill in the missing objects, and the partially scanned portions of multiple object instances can be combined to refine the model. We demonstrate this approach on a 3D scan of a historic synagogue.
Virtual Replication of the Idalion Tablet
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Robin, Bertille; Hilpert, Thibaut; Miyazawa, Keisuke; Callet, Patrick; Contencin, François-Xavier de; Zymla, Anna; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
The Idalion Tablet is an antique bronze (480-470 BC) found around 1850 in the antique city of Idalion in Cyprus. It has an important historical value for Cyprus, as it is the longest testimony of Cyprus sillabary writing. The tablet has been the property of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BNF) since 1862. Our final goal is to realise a per- fect physical copy of the Idalion Tablet (scale 1, with no patina) as a donation to the Idalion Museum in Cyprus. In a few months the historical building "Richelieu" of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France is going to be renovated, leading the museum to close for an unknown time. We present here the realisation of a high quality virtual copy of the Idalion tablet, with the same shape and a spectrally simulated visual appearance of the precious artefact as it could be in the ancient times. We used 3D digitization to create a virtual and accurate replica of the tablet shape as we were not allowed to handle it directly. The Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF) took a sample of the alloy out of the Idalion Tablet, and analysed its elementary composition using the PIXE method. The complex index of refraction of the alloy was calculated using previous scientific results. The virtual copy was then computed with the Virtuelium free software. The physically based images obtained by spec- tral simulation will be used on the BNF website to give the public an access to its collections. A didactic movie is also in progress for that purpose. We shall then realise the physical copy of the tablet by rapid prototyping, and casting, in collaboration with the Centre Technique des Industries de la Fonderie (CTIF) and the Ecole Supérieure de Fonderie et de Forge (ESFF).
Architectural 3D Modeling for a 3D GIS Web-Based System
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Apollonio, Fabrizio I.; Gaiani, Marco; Baldissini, Simone; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
We describes a 3D GIS system entirely founded on Google Earth (GE), designed to make available on this platform high-quality 3D models of one of the architect Andrea Palladio, conceived as a metaphor for navigating through the data and developed as a scalable applications able to allow the use of the same database for different user simply filtering the data according to the specific requirements.
3D Pipeline from Data Acquisition to Data Visualization of the Hellenistic-Roman Theatre of Paphos
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Gabrielli, Roberto; D'Andrea, Andrea; Angelini, Andrea; Amico, Nicola; Iannone, Giancarlo; Georgiou, Ropertos; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
In this paper is described the fusion of two different technologies for the three dimensional acquisition of the Hellenistic-Roman Theatre of Paphos located at the island of Cyprus. A laser scanner and an innovative device for the aerial photogrammetry have been used for this purpose. Despite the size of the archaeological site and the complexity of the survey; it has been possible in a short time to acquire the whole theatre using photogrammetric and laser scanning techniques. The final result is the complete 3D model of the theatre at present, which was used for 3D stereoscopic vision simulation.
Principles and Practices of Robust, Photography-based Digital Imaging Techniques for Museums
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Mudge, Mark; Schroer, Carla; Earl, Graeme; Martinez, Kirk; Pagi, Hembo; Toler-Franklin, Corey; Rusinkiewicz, Szymon; Palma, Gianpaolo; Wachowiak, Melvin; Ashley, Michael; Matthews, Neffra; Noble, Tommy; Dellepiane, Matteo; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
This full day tutorial will use lectures and demonstrations from leading researchers and museum practitioners to present the principles and practices for robust photography-based digital techniques in museum contexts. The tutorial will present many examples of existing and cutting-edge uses of photography-based imaging including Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), Algorithmic Rendering (AR), camera calibration, and methods of imaged-based generation of textured 3D geometry. Leading museums are now adopting the more mature members of this family of robust digital imaging practices. These practices are part of the emerging science known as Computational Photography (CP). The imaging family's common feature is the purpose-driven selective extraction of information from sequences of standard digital photographs. The information is extracted from the photographic sequences by computer algorithms. The extracted information is then integrated into a new digital representations containing knowledge not present in the original photographs, examined either alone or sequentially. The tutorial will examine strategies that promote widespread museum adoption of empirical acquisition technologies, generate scientifically reliable digital representations that are born archival', assist this knowledge's long-term digital preservation, enable its future reuse for novel purposes, aid the physical conservation of the digitally represented museum materials, and enable public access and research.
Graph-based 3D Visualization of Color Content in Paintings
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Colantoni, Philippe; Thomas, Jean-Baptiste; Pillay, Ruven; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
Visualization of the color content of a painting can help to better understand the style, compositional structure and material content. There are several ways to visualize colorimetric data from a color image. One option is to use 3D Virtual Reality to view colorimetric data in an arbitrary orientation in a standard color space. In this paper we propose a new colorimetric visualization method. The originality of this method is that we include also the spatial organization of the colors within the painting. We can, thus, visualize information on color gradients that may appear in the painting using simple 3D primitives. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method on a colorimetrically calibrated image of an Italian Renaissance painting.
ICT in Japanese Museums: a Strategic and Contextual Survey
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Carillo, Erminia; Kadobayashi, Rieko; Kaminski, Jaime; Rodriguez-Echavarria, Karina; Arnold, David; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) applications have become increasingly widespread, driven by the increasing demands of visitors for more tools for interpretation and entertainment and the need of heritage professionals to diversify the cultural offer. Museums' objectives for technology investment can differ greatly around the world, influencing the type of technology used and the mechanisms of visitors' engagement. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted on a selected sample of museums in Japan to assess the type of ICT deployed and understand their strategic rationale for technology investment. The methodology adopted combined participant observation, interview with museums' curators and managers as well as a questionnaire modelled on the Holistic Heritage Impact Training Model, developed by the CUBIST Research Group at the University of Brighton Business School. This survey is a preliminary analysis for the future design and development of an interactive ICT application to display the stories depicted on two by?bus (Japanese traditional wooden folding screens) displayed at Osaka Castle Museum.
A Virtual Tour of the Walls of Nicosia: An Assessment of Children's Experience and Learning Performance
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Michael, Despina; Zaharias, Panagiotis; Chrysanthou, Yiorgos; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
Modern-day museums employ technologically advanced methods and equipment to facilitate the dissemination of information and education of their visitors. Such a system is installed at the Leventis Municipal Museum in Nicosia. An interactive application that runs on a multi-touch table allows the user to navigate through a 3D representation of the fortifications of Nicosia in different historical periods. In this paper, we assess the visitors' experience and learning performance/effectiveness using this system. We compare the results with those achieved using a traditional method, which is by studying printed maps exhibited at the same museum. We performed this comparison with a user study, involving two groups of children, each using one of the two different methods. Results show that users enjoy using the system and that their learning performance is much higher than that of the traditional method.
Virtual Reality for the Exploitation of Houses and Historical Gardens - The Example of Villa Arconati
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Ceconello, Mauro; Spallazzo, Davide; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
The virtualisation project of Villa Arconati is part of the process involved in organising the aristocratic houses north of Milan. The project aims to test the use of virtual reality as an instrument of exploitation and multi-platform visualisation for villas and historic gardens. This paper describes the methodology utilised which allows us to create clear models of architectural and vegetation elements that will be contributing towards the final model: a successful compromise between realism and easy visualisation. While the modelling of the architectural components has followed a well defined process, as far as the garden is concerned, the development of the project presented greater problems since the methodology requires an hybrid approach between traditional software for garden design and representation and modelling activities for all the parts of gardens that require mankind intervention such as continuous shape pruning. The historical reconstruction of the house might therefore turn out to be a good basis for providing tourists and visitors with new instruments for learning and understanding, even using experiences in augmented reality, and may also offer planners further means to evaluate projects and support them in the decisionmaking process.
3D-Digitization of the ''Wild Goat'' Vases
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Kolin, David; Joly, Morwena; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
The wild-goat vases are a style of Greek vases that have been crafted between the 7th and 6th century BC. The 3D-digitization of these vases has been ongoing at the C2RMF for a few years now. Different scanning techniques have been used, and the latest and most effective, is through the use of a NextEngine camera. The aim of this project is to help curators to digitally analyse the vases, compare their shape and colours, and monitor their state through time.
DC-NET: The Establishment of the Digital Cultural Heritage Network
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Francesco, Giuliana De; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
Core concern of the DC-NET project is to develop and to strengthen the coordination of public research programmes in the sector of Digital Cultural Heritage across Europe and to raise awareness of the possibilities offered by e-Infrastructures to help carry out advanced research programmes. The Network of Common Interest established by DC-NET will provide the forum for coordination. DC-NET Network will agree a set of common priorities for digital cultural heritage research and will work with e-Infrastructures providers to identify how best to carry out this research using the National Research and Education Networks, GRID and other eInfrastructures. A Joint Activities Plan for e-Infrastructure-enabled research in digital cultural heritage will be generated and initiated. This work will pave the way to a series of innovative initiatives and the creation of Virtual Research Communities active in the digital cultural heritage research, powered by access to e-Infrastructures
Surveying Hypogeous Structures: the Case Study of Santa Maria in Stelle in Valpantena
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Tucci, Grazia; Nobile, Alessia; Bonora, Valentina; Alessandro Artusi and Morwena Joly and Genevieve Lucet and Denis Pitzalis and Alejandro Ribes
The hypogeous complex of Santa Maria in Stelle, known on-site as "Pantheon" and located under the parish church of Quinto in Valpantena, (Verona, Italy), is considered by scholars one of the most interesting paleochristian pictorial monuments in North Italy. Current preservation conditions are poor, affected by temperature and humidity variations which cause percolation, condensation, swelling, and efflorescence occurrences. Recurrent problematic issues during surveying operations in subterranean structures are: - necessity of instrumentation easy to handle and able to make acquisitions with the widest field of view possible, because of confined spaces often difficult to access; - remarkable wall paintings require an appropriate survey methodology through non-contact recording techniques; - the distinctive morphology of structures defined by almost uninterrupted curved surfaces makes it quite impossible to blend the geometric models detecting edges and gaps; - graphic outputs should work as a visual base for highly detailed topic representations of the state of damage. This paper reports on the techniques and procedures adopted to survey shape and dimensions of the architectural context (laser scanning), and to record the wall paintings and the floor mosaics (photogrammetry), and also on the line drawings extracted from the three-dimensional model, required as visual aids for documentation and conservation projects.

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