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12DoF Interaction for Scientific Visualisation
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Turner, Martin J.; Morris, Tim; Sandoval, Mario; Tao Ruan Wan and Franck Vidal
This short extended abstract investigates human-computer interactions in relation to a specific Six Degree of Freedom (6DoF) input device; described is the driver development and calibration required for a novel piece of hardware; and after initial user tests and a questionnaire of satisfaction, we consider areas for further research. This abstract concludes with a discussion of the design and use of dual-6DoF input devices and from feedback how new interaction modes will be exploited.
2D Game Editor On-line A Cloud Computing Perspective on Game Edition
(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Cardoso, Bruno Miguel; Romão, Teresa; Mealha, Óscar and Madeira, Joaquim and Tércio, Daniel and Sousa Santos, Beatriz
The present article aims to describe the efforts taken in order to create a generic computing solution for the most recurrent problems, usually found in the production of two dimensional, sprite-based videogames, running on mobile platforms. The developed system is a web application that fits within the scope of the recent cloudcomputing paradigm and, therefore, enjoys all of its advantages in terms of accessibility, application maintainability and scalability. In addition to the functional issues, the system is also explained in terms of its software architecture, since it was planned and implemented in the perspective of attaining an easy to maintain application that is both scalable and adaptable. Additionally, an algorithm is also proposed, seeking to find an optimized solution to the problem of space distribution for several rectangular areas, with no overlapping and no dimensional restrictions, neither on the final arrangement nor on the arranged areas.
A 2D Graphic Editor Using MAGOO - An Object Oriented Graphic Library
(The Eurographics Association, 2023) Raynes, David; Vasconcelos, Fernando; Manuel Joáo Próspero
The main object of the application described in this article wa.s to demonstra.te the ea.se of use and functionality of the Magoo architecture. This exercise has shown us some of the problems still unsolved and helped us to improve both the Magoo interface and functionality.
2D Visual codes: Why are they not everywhere?
(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Oliveira, Sérgio; José, Rui; Creissac Campos, José and Gonçalves, Daniel
One key characteristic of ubiquitous computing is the disappearing boundary between physical and virtual elements, a mindset shift from interaction with the computer to the interaction with the environment. 2D visual codes are an important enabling technology for this increasing integration between physical and virtual spaces. However, despite the availability of a broad range of technologies for 2D visual codes, their common usage is still far from being a reality. In this work, we explore some of the factors that may influence the adoption of such interaction techniques. The study was based on the development of a prototype in which a set of applications was made available through interaction with visual codes. The prototype was deployed for three months in a public setting where users could try this technology for themselves. The results from the study suggest that visual codes are seen as a simple interaction model, but still some brief initial introduction may be needed. The study has also highlighted some functional limitations and strong technical constraints that proved to be very demanding when considered in the context of a real scenario and using people's own devices. Although the curiosity factor plays very favourable to the visual codes, its generalized adoption will be difficult or, at least, will not happen as spontaneously as a simple demo may initially suggest.
A 3 Cent Recognizer: Simple and Effective Retrieval and Classification of Mid-air Gestures from Single 3D Traces
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Caputo, Fabio Marco; Prebianca, Pietro; Carcangiu, Alessandro; Spano, Lucio D.; Giachetti, Andrea; Andrea Giachetti and Paolo Pingi and Filippo Stanco
In this paper we present a simple 3D gesture recognizer based on trajectory matching, showing its good performances in classification and retrieval of command gestures based on single hand trajectories. We demonstrate that further simplifications in porting the classic "1 dollar" algorithm approach from the 2D to the 3D gesture recognition and retrieval problems can result in very high classification accuracy and retrieval scores even on datasets with a large number of different gestures executed by different users. Furthermore, recognition can be good even with heavily subsampled path traces and with incomplete gestures.
3-SHIRT: Three-Dimensional Shape Indexing and Retrieval Techniques
(The Eurographics Association, 2008) Castellani, Umberto; Cortelazzo, Guido Maria; Cristani, M.; Delponte, Elisabetta; Fusiello, Andrea; Giachetti, Andrea; Mizzaro, Stefano; Odone, Francesca; Puppo, Enrico; Scateni, Riccardo; Zanuttigh, Pietro; Vittorio Scarano and Rosario De Chiara and Ugo Erra
This paper describes the work that has been done during the first year of the 3-SHIRT project, which aims at developing innovative solutions in all the phases of content-based 3D shape retrieval, namely: shape analysis and segmentation, design of shape descriptors, shape indexing and matching, and evaluation.
30 Texture-based Hybrid Visualízations
(The Eurographics Association, 2022) Soada, lmma; Navazo, Isabel; Xavier Pueyo; Manuel Próspero dos Santos; Luiz Velho
ln this paper the visualization of hybrid scenes that contain volume data anda fitted extracted surface is addressed. The proposed algorithm is based on a integrated octree-based representation: the "Hybrid Octree ". The Hybrid Octree allows to obtain multiresolution representation of the volume data and it also maintains a decimated surjace codification. The proposed visualization approach uses 3D-textures for the visualization of the volume data and integrates the surface polygons using the information represented in the octree structure. The main characteristics of the method are: its capabilities to perform multiresolution hybrid visualizations and its efficient use of texture memory space.
3D Body Model Construction and Matching for Real Time People Re-Identification
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Baltieri, Davide; Vezzani, Roberto; Cucchiara, Rita; Enrico Puppo and Andrea Brogni and Leila De Floriani
Wide area video surveillance always requires to extract and integrate information coming from different cameras and views. Re-identification of people captured from different cameras or different views is one of most challenging problems. In this paper, we present a novel approach for people matching with vertices-based 3D human models. People are detected and tracked in each calibrated camera, and their silhouette, appearance, position and orientation are extracted and used to place, scale and orientate a 3D body model. Colour features are computed from the 2D appearance images and mapped to the 3D model vertices, generating the 3D model for each tracked person. A distance function between 3D models is defined in order to find matches among models belonging to the same person. This approach achieves robustness against partial occlusions, pose and viewpoint changes. A first experimental evaluation is conducted using images extracted from a real camera set-up.
3D City Reconstruction from OpenStreetMap Data
(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Kaszuba, Sara; Pellacini, Fabio; Frosini, Patrizio and Giorgi, Daniela and Melzi, Simone and Rodolà, Emanuele
Virtual city generation from real data is far from being straightforward for users, as it strictly depends on the application domain, amount of information available, and the adopted reconstruction techniques. Nowadays, reconstruction of virtual cities is of interests in entertainment, urban planning, emergency response and machine learning. To serve these applications, we have developed an open-source tool that can reconstruct cities at scale directly from OpenStreetMap data, that can perform full city generation in the order of hundreds of seconds.
3D CT Segmentation for Clinical Evaluation of Knee Prosthesis Operations
(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Battiato, S.; Bosco, C.; Farinella, G. M.; Impoco, G.; S. Battiato and G. Gallo and F. Stanco
In surgical knee replacement, the damaged knee joint is replaced with artificial prostheses. An accurate clinical evaluation must be carried out before applying knee prostheses to ensure optimal outcome from surgical operations and to reduce the probability of having long-term problems. Useful information can be inferred from CT scans of the knee area, that can be used to estimate the stress that will be acting on the prosthesis being implanted. This information can be exploited to tailor the prothesis to the patient s anatomy. We present some ideas for a system intended to help surgeons in evaluating the post-operative outcome of knee prosthesis implantation. We also show some preliminary results about the 3D segmentation of CT data, that is the main activity of our lab in the project.
3D data segmentation using a non-parametric density estimation approach
(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Castellani, U.; Cristani, M.; Murino, V.; S. Battiato and G. Gallo and F. Stanco
In this paper, a new segmentation approach for sets of 3D unorganized points is proposed. The method is based on a clustering procedure that separates the modes of a non-parametric multimodal density, following the mean-shift paradigm. The main idea consists in projecting the source 3D data into a set of independent sub-spaces, forming a joint multidimensional space. Each sub-space describes a geometric aspect of the data set, such as the normals and principal curvatures, so as a dense region in a particular sub-space indicates a set of 3D points sharing a similar value of that feature. A non-parametric clustering method is applied in this joint space by using a multidimensional kernel. This kernel smoothly takes into account for all the subspaces, moving towards high density regions in the joint space, separating them and providing "natural" clusters of 3D points. The algorithm can be implemented very easily and only few parameters need to be freely tuned. Experiments are reported, both on synthetic and real data, assessing the quality of the proposed approach and promoting further developments.
3D Digital Imaging for Knowledge Dissemination of Greek Archaic Statuary
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Stanco, Filippo; Tanasi, Davide; Allegra, Dario; Milotta, Filippo L. M.; Giovanni Pintore and Filippo Stanco
This paper aims, using a research exercise, to verify the association between two Greek sculptures collected at different times: the head of a boy collected in the Chalcidian colony of Leontinoi in southeastern Sicily, acquired in the 18th century and later kept in the collection of the Museum of Castello Ursino in Catania, and a torso, retrieved in 1904 and since then displayed in the Archaeological Museum of Sicily. The two pieces share similar stylistic features and represent the most significant example of Greek sculpture in Sicily at the end of the 6th century BC. Their association is an open problem still debated by scholars, who have based their studies on comparisons between pictures as a reassembly of two artefacts was never attempted. This critical issue has conditioned curators of the two museums, who could not develop a proper communication policy for the two objects, resulting in a limited cognitive accessibility for the public. By means of 3D scanning techniques, this contribution showcases how virtual restoration can not only improve interpretations of the scholars, but also boost the communication plans of museums, giving back to the public via a web platform a masterpiece of Greek sculpture known just by specialists.
3D Environment Understanding in Real-time Using Input CAD Models for AR Applications
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Rodríguez, David Jurado; Rodríguez, Juan Manuel Jurado; Alvarado, Lidia Ortega; Higueruela, Francisco Ramón Feito; Casas, Dan and Jarabo, Adrián
The automatic recognition of real environments has become a relevant issue for multiple purposes in computer graphics, computer vision and artificial intelligence. In this work, we focus on environment understanding according to input CAD models for an Augmented Reality (AR) application. We provide a novel solution for the management of building infrastructures in indoor spaces. The use case has been the University of Jaén to visualize correctly their service facilites from AR. To this end, firstly, the CAD models (2D) have been segmented in order to simplify its geometry. As a result, an efficient data structure has been created for real-time alignement to scanned data. Secondly, we have developed a mobile application based on ARCore library to capture and generate 3D planes of the user environment. Finally, we have carried out a method to align automatically the virtual elements such as walls, doors and grounds to the real world. The main objective of this research is to calculate the needed geometric transformations of virtual elements and thus, to achieve a correct overlappping with the real world by understanding their physical and spatial constraints in real time.
3D GIS Based on WebGL for the Management of Underground Utilities
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Jurado, Juan Manuel; Ortega, Lidia; Feito, Francisco R.; Fco. Javier Melero and Nuria Pelechano
This work summarizes a web application related to a research project about underground infrastructures. The aim is to visualize, analyse and manage all underground layers inside 3D urban environments. This is possible using WebGL to develop a web application which may be used from mobile devices. The study of terrain relief to calculate the depth of these infrestructures, the conversion of 2D data to 3D models, the definition of a spatial database and the use of virtual reality to visualize the resulting 3D scene make of this application a useful tool for utility companies dealing with underground infrastructures.
3D Input devices integration in CAD environment
(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Bruno, F.; Caruso, G.; Muzzupappa, M.; S. Battiato and G. Gallo and F. Stanco
Virtual Reality (VR) technologies are becoming commonly used tools in the product development process, starting from the styling review in the conceptual design phase, until to the Digital Mock-up (DMU) validation in the advanced stages of the design process. What has not yet been sufficiently investigated is the possibility to interact with the DMU directly inside the CAD environment using 3D input devices. Although few CAD systems, like CATIA V5, have an additional module to support VR devices, in most cases it is still necessary to customize the application to obtain the functionalities desired by the user. The present paper discusses difficulties and advantages related to the integration of VR techniques and 3D input devices in CAD systems. The work has been conducted analyzing and testing the potentialities of the Unigraphics NX3 CAD environment and implementing a software plug-in that allows the user to perform such interaction tasks employing 3D input devices.
3D Interaction with Smartphone-like Devices
(The Eurographics Association, 2012) Rodríguez, A.; León, A.; Torres, J. C.; Isabel Navazo and Gustavo Patow
3D applications require a series of 3D operations that are difficult to perform with the traditional interaction devices such as mouse and keyboard. In this paper we present a new 3D interaction system using smartphone-like devices
3D Mapping Approach to Analyze the Evolution of Vegetation Using Multispectral Imagery
(The Eurographics Association, 2018) Jurado, Juan Manuel; Ortega, Lidia; Feito, Francisco Ramón; García-Fernández, Ignacio and Ureña, Carlos
The 3D simulation for the evolution process of crop types requires the management of large volume of data to make an accurate analysis of functional and structural vegetation characteristics. In fact, current geomatics technologies allow the capture of massive and heterogeneous data with a great spatial resolution. Regarding research advances for precision agriculture applications Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)-based remote sensing offers great possibilities to acquire field data in a fast and reliable way. The main aim of this paper is twofold: (1) the study of multispectral imaging from UAVs for reflectance maps calculation, (2) 3D mapping and modeling using RGB and multispectral imagery in order to create a 3D NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) point cloud. We are focussed on 4D inspection of olive trees including spatio-temporal data for reflectance change detection in multispectral remote sensing images.
3D Modeling and Integration of Heterogeneous Geo-data
(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Miola, Marianna; Cabiddu, Daniela; Pittaluga, Simone; Mortara, Michela; Vetuschi Zuccolini, Marino; Imitazione, Gianmario; Frosini, Patrizio and Giorgi, Daniela and Melzi, Simone and Rodolà, Emanuele
This paper tackles the volumetric representation of geophysical and geotechnical data, gathered during exploration surveys of the subsoil. The creation of a 3D model as support to geological interpretation has to take into account the specificity of the diverse input data, that are heterogeneous. Some data are massive, but cover the domain unevenly, e.g., structured along dense differently spaced lines, while others are very sparse, e.g., borehole locations with soil sampling and CPTU (Piezocone Penetration Test) locations. In this work, we focus on the exploration and analysis of underwater deposits. After a discussion about the data typically acquired in an offshore campaign, we present an automatic process to generate the subsurfaces and volume defining an underground deposit, starting from the identification of relevant morphological features in seismic data. In particular, data simplification and refinement based on geostatistics have been applied to generate regular 2D meshes from strongly anisotropic data, in order to improve the quality of the final 3D tetrahedral mesh. Furthermore, we also use geostatistics to predict geotechnical parameters from local surveys and estimate their distribution on the whole domain: in this way the 3D model will include relevant geological features of the deposit and allow extrapolating different geotechnical information with associated uncertainty. The volume characterization and its 3D inspection will improve the structural and stratigraphic interpretation of deposits, to support geological analysis and planning of future engineering activities.
3D Modelling of Complex Biological Structures: The Oviduct
(The Eurographics Association, 2010) Burkitt, Mark; Romano, Daniela M.; Walker, Dawn C.; Fazeli, Alireza; John Collomosse and Ian Grimstead
A novel technique using a particle system constrained by Newtonian forces is presented for the algorithmic construction of small scale, complex 3D biological structures based on real world biological data. This allows models of structures too small to be accurately recreated using medical imaging technologies such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to be created. The resulting model provides a geometrically realistic 3D environment which can be used to study the biological interactions which occur within. The technique is used to create a model of an oviduct, but could also be applied to similar organs such as the colon. The model is validated using measurements and visual comparisons from biological data. Finally, the technique is implemented using single-core and multi-core CPU techniques and using GPU acceleration. The performance of each implementation is then compared.
3D Objects Face Clustering using Unsupervised Mean Shift
(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Farenzena, M.; Cristani, M.; Castellani, U.; Fusiello, A.; Raffaele De Amicis and Giuseppe Conti
In this paper, a novel approach to face clustering is proposed. The aim is the completely unsupervised extraction of planes in a polygonal a mesh, obtained from a 3D reconstruction process. In this context, 3D coordinates points are inevitably affected by error, therefore resiliency is a primal concern in the analysis. The method is based on the Mean Shift clustering paradigm, devoted to separating modes of a multimodal non-parametric density, by using a kernel-based technique. A critical parameter, the kernel bandwidth size, is here automatically detected by following a well-accepted partition stability criterion. Experimental and comparative results on synthetic and real data validate the approach.

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