CompAesth 14: Workshop on Computational Aesthetics

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/15016

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Bubble hierarchies
(ACM, 2014) Hlawatsch, Marcel; Burch, Michael; Weiskopf, Daniel; Paul Rosin
We introduce bubble hierarchies as an approach to generating algorithmic art from random hierarchies. The technique is based on repeatedly drawing color-coded circles to illustrate parent--child relationships. The algorithm is simple and produces densely packed structures similar to the concept of Apollonian gaskets. We demonstrate the influence of different parameters on the visual outcome, such as the number of created circles or the color encoding. Our algorithm also supports multiple seeding points and obstacles that can be used to influence the layout of the hierarchy.
Collaborative filtering of color aesthetics
(ACM, 2014) O'Donovan, Peter; Agarwala, Aseem; Hertzmann, Aaron; Paul Rosin
This paper investigates individual variation in aesthetic preferences, and learns models for predicting the preferences of individual users. Preferences for color aesthetics are learned using a collaborative filtering approach on a large dataset of rated color themes/palettes. To make predictions, matrix factorization is used to estimate latent vectors for users and color themes. We also propose two extensions to the probabilistic matrix factorization framework. We first describe a feature-based model using learned transformations from feature vectors to a latent space, then extend this model to non-linear transformations using a neural network. These extensions allow our model to predict preferences for color themes not present in the training set. We find that our approach for modelling user preferences outperforms an average aesthetic model which ignores personal variation. We also use the model for measuring theme similarity and visualizing the space of color themes.
Computational rim illumination with aerial robots
(ACM, 2014) Srikanth, Manohar; Bala, Kavita; Durand, Frédo; Paul Rosin
Lighting plays a major role in photography. Professional photographers use elaborate installations to light their subjects and achieve sophisticated styles. However, lighting moving subjects performing dynamic tasks presents significant challenges and requires expensive manual intervention. A skilled additional assistant might be needed to reposition lights as the subject changes pose or moves, and the extra logistics significantly raises costs and time. We present a new approach to lighting dynamic subjects where an aerial robot equipped with a portable light source lights the subject to automatically achieve a desired lighting effect. We focus on rim lighting, a particularly challenging effect to achieve with dynamic subjects, and allow the photographer to specify a required rim width. Our algorithm processes the images from the photographer's camera and provides necessary motion commands to the aerial robot to achieve the desired rim width in the resulting photographs. We demonstrate a control approach that localizes the aerial robot with reference to the subject and tracks the subject to achieve the necessary motion. Our proof-of-concept results demonstrate the utility of robots in computational lighting.
Dynamic sketching: simulating the process of observational drawing
(ACM, 2014) Liu, Jingbo; Fu, Hongbo; Tai, Chiew-Lan; Paul Rosin
The creation process of a drawing provides a vivid visual progression, allowing the audience to better comprehend the drawing. It also enables numerous stroke-based rendering techniques. In this work we tackle the problem of simulating the process of observational drawing, that is, how people draw lines when sketching a given 3D model. We present a multi-phase drawing framework and the concept of sketching entropy, which provides a unified way to model stroke selection and ordering, both within and across phases. We demonstrate the proposed ideas for the sketching of organic objects and show a visually plausible simulation of their dynamic sketching process.
Frayed cell diagrams
(ACM, 2014) Burch, Michael; Vehlow, Corinna; Weiskopf, Daniel; Paul Rosin
Tesselation-based or area-based visual representations are common to many artistic or visualization applications. For example, Voronoi art uses a space-filling tessellation of the image by Voronoi cells. We present frayed cell diagrams as an aesthetic visual representation of the separating border between those space-filling regions. Our approach is based on a simple randomized algorithm that densely draws lines toward the reference points of cells. This algorithm is controlled by a few parameters whose effects are detailed in the paper: the density and size of cells, the degree of fraying, and the color coding. To demonstrate the usefulness of frayed diagrams for algorithmic art, we applied them to pieces of Voronoi art. Finally, we conducted a survey to assess the aesthetics of the frayed cell diagrams. As a result, we found out that the majority of the participants preferred a high degree of fraying, but that a non-negligible subgroup preferred diagrams without any fraying.
Image filtering for interactive level-of-abstraction visualization of 3D scenes
(ACM, 2014) Semmo, Amir; Döllner, Jürgen; Paul Rosin
Texture mapping is a key technology in computer graphics for visual design of rendered 3D scenes. An effective information transfer of surface properties, encoded by textures, however, depends significantly on how important information is highlighted and cognitively processed by the user in an application context. Edge-preserving image filtering is a promising approach to address this concern while preserving global salient structures. Much research has focused on applying image filters in a post-process stage to foster an artistically stylized rendering, but these approaches are generally not able to preserve depth cues important for 3D visualization (e.g., texture gradient). To this end, filtering that processes texture data coherently with respect to linear perspective and spatial relationships is required. In this work, we present a system that enables to process textured 3D scenes with perspective coherence by arbitrary image filters. We propose decoupled deferred texturing with (1) caching strategies to interactively perform image filtering prior to texture mapping, and (2) for each mipmap level separately to enable a progressive level of abstraction. We demonstrate the potentials of our methods on several applications, including illustrative visualization, focus+context visualization, geometric detail removal, and depth of field. Our system supports frame-to-frame coherence, order-independent transparency, multitexturing, and content-based filtering.
Line-based rendering with truchet-like tiles
(ACM, 2014) Ahmed, Abdalla G. M.; Paul Rosin
We explore the use of Truchet-like tiles (tiles with half area shaded) for single-tone (monochrome) line-based rendering of maps. We borrow concepts from information theory to develop some qualitative and quantitative measures, and use them to discuss four rendering styles which use Truchet-like tiles. We first present a style based on the original Truchet tiles, then we review the tile-based approach used by Inglis and Kaplan for Op Art rendering of 2-color maps, and extend the concept to 3- and 4-color input maps. We present two more concepts capable of rendering maps with up to 6 colors. We highlight some relationships between the four rendering styles, and utilize these relationships to generate Op Art/labyrinth renderings from input maps of up to 6 colors.
The monumental geometry of E Pluribus Unum
(ACM, 2014) Kaplan, Craig S.; Jordan, Chris; Paul Rosin
We describe the conception and construction of E Pluribus Unum, a large-scale artwork that combines text and geometry to depict over a million names of global organizations dedicated to social and environmental causes. The names are rendered in small type along lines arranged symmetrically in a disc. We examine the aesthetic choices involved in designing the artwork, and the technical challenges we faced in laying out and rendering a monumental amount of text.
Non-realistic 3D object stylization
(ACM, 2014) Kratt, Julian; Eisenkeil, Ferdinand; Pirk, Sören; Sharf, Andrei; Deussen, Oliver; Paul Rosin
In this paper we introduce the novel paradigm of non-realistic 3D stylization, where the expressiveness of a given 3D model is manifested in the 3D shape itself, rather than only in its rendering. We analyze the input model using abstraction, simplification, and symmetrization operators to determine important features that are later represented by new geometry. Doing so, we create a stylized and expressive representation of the input that can be rendered or might be printed using a 3D printer. We conducted a user study to verify the proposed stylizations and demonstrate the approach by using standard geometry of buildings as well as natural and technical objects.
Spirograph inspired visualization of ecological networks
(ACM, 2014) Etemad, Katayoon; Carpendale, Sheelagh; Samavati, Faramarz; Paul Rosin
Ecological networks are directed weighted graphs for representing direct and indirect relationships between species in ecosystems. These complex cyclic networks play an important role in understanding an ecosystem's dynamics. In this paper, we present a visualization layout inspired by Spirograph patterns, specifically designed for ecological networks. Our visualization supports both the direct and indirect quantities commonly required in ecological studies. The layout is circular to reflect the containment of the represented ecosystem and to clarify which connections are internal and which are external. In this layout, nodes are arranged along the circumference of a large circle as arcs, and edges are mapped to thorn-like shapes that represent the direction and the weight of the edge. Finally, we illustrate the use of this visualization on several example ecological networks.
A study of image colourfulness
(ACM, 2014) Amati, Cristina; Mitra, Niloy J.; Weyrich, Tim; Paul Rosin
Colourfulness is often thought of as a mere measure of quantity of colour, but user studies suggest that there are more factors influencing the perception of colourfulness. Boosting and enhancing colours are operations often performed for improving image aesthetics, but the relationship between colourfulness and aesthetics has not been thoroughly explored. By gathering perceptual data from a largescale user study we have shown how existing colourfulness metrics relate to it and that there is no direct linear dependence between colourfulness and aesthetics but correlations arise for different image categories such as: “landscape”, “abstract” or “macro”.
What does water look like?
(ACM, 2014) Kryven, Marta; Cowan, William; Paul Rosin
What makes images of water look like water? We conducted four psychophysical experiments to isolate perceptual qualities that make water easy to recognize. Water recognition is facilitated by colour and by three patterns of waves. Low spatial frequencies (LSF) (<4.4 cpd) contribute more to recognition than high spatial frequencies (HSF). Here we describe the experimental methodology and results. Knowing which aspects of appearance identify water can inform perceptually inspired depiction of water, can create visual illusions and can reduce computation in realistic simulations.

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