EG1999

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3-D Spatial Skills--A Key to the Effective Use of Computer Graphics Software?
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Sorby, S.A.
Development and evaluation of 3-D spatial visualization skills is discussed. Correlations between measured spatial skills and ability to effectively use computer graphics software are analyzed and strategies to improve 3-D spatial skills are presented.
3D Geometry Compressionand Progressive Transmission
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Taubin, Gabriel
Polygonal meshes remain the primary representation for visualization of 3D data in a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, architecture, geographic information systems, medical imaging, robotics, entertainment, and military applications. Because of its widespread use, it is desirable to compress polygonal meshes stored in file servers and exchanged over computer networks to reduce storage and transmission time requirements. In this report we describe several schemes that have been recently introduced to represent single and multi-resolution polygonal meshes in compressed form, and to progressively transmit polygonal mesh data. The progressive transmission of polygonal meshes allows the decoder process to make part of a single-resolution mesh, or the low resolution levels of detail of a multi-resolution mesh, available to the rendering system before the whole bitstream is fully received and decoded. It is desirable to combine compression and progressive transmission, but not all the existing methods exhibit both features. These progressive transmission schemes are closely related to surface simplification or decimation methods, which change the surface topology while approximating the geometry, and can be regarded as lossy compression schemes as well. Finally, we describe in more detail the Topological Surgery and Progressive Forest Split schemes that are currently part of the MPEG-4 multimedia standard.
3D laser scanning numerical surface definition and fast prototyping of the Basel Bronze Head
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Accardo, Giorgio; Scarpetta, Massimiliano
Starting from the experiences and results deriving from the cooperation between the Istituto Centrale del Restauro, Fox Bit srl and certain academic institutions, a study is presented which is aimed at using and adapting reverse engineering (RE) and fast prototyping (FR) industrial techniques to cultural property conservation.
3D virtual facial reconstruction and visualization of ancient Egyptian mummies using spiral CT data
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Attardi, Giuseppe; Betro, Marilina; Forte, Maurizio; Gori, Roberto; Guidazzoli, Antonella; Imboden, Silvano; Mallegni, Francesco
The problem of rebuilding a face from human remains has been, until now, especially relevant in the ambit of forensic sciences, where it is obviously oriented toward the identification of otherwise unrecognizable corpses; but its potential interest to archaeologists and anthropologists is not negligible. We present here the preliminary results of a joint research among the University of Pisa, the Visualisation Laboratory of CINECA and the CNR-ITABC (Institute of Technologies Applied to Cultural Heritage, National Research Council, Rome) whose aim is reconstructing, through Spiral Computed Tomography data and virtual modelling techniques (in our case with VTK software), 3-D models of the possible physiognomy of ancient egyptian mummies. This work is carried out through a multidisciplinary approach, involving different competences: image processing, anthropology, egyptology, computing archaeology. Main project tasks are: 1. anthropological and egyptological analysis of the head; 2. spiral CT of the head; 3. reconstruction of a 3-D model of the skull generated from CT data processing; 4. reconstruction of soft tissues; 5. application of textures fitting the somatic features.
Accelerated Artificial Landscape Visualisation
(Eurographics Association, 1999) James, A.; Day, A.M.
We describe the design and implementation of four stages in an artificial landscape visualisation program. We begin by outlining a very simple but quick method of generating structurally realistic landscapes. We describe how the terrain can be stored in a multiresolution Binary Space Partitioning (MRBSP) tree such that each level holds a complete representation of the terrain at increasing reso- lution. A level of detail (LOD) technique is then illustrated which preserves the visually apparent size of triangles (after projection) so that the number rendered is reduced while preserving the aesthetic quality. Finally, we show how visibility calculations can be preprocessed and used to achieve output sensitivity by limiting the observer to ground based motion.
Active Storytelling
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Glassner, A.
People love to exchange stories. Stories provide a context for the events, feelings, ideas, and relationships that make up the fabric of our daily lives. When we describe an important experience in our life to another person, we often shape it in the form of a story. Stories are a means of communication. We are on the threshold of a revolutionary change in how people will communicate with each other and the environment. A global wireless communications network, coupled with computational devices that know where they are and are in contact with the network, will knit together individuals and groups in ways we have never seen before. These devices will employ speech recognition and synthesis, algorithms for vision understanding and graphic synthesis, and algorithms to extract meaning fromtext, images, and sounds. When these devices mature, they will be small, portable, wireless, and ubiquitous. They will have a deep impact on our cultures, and our stories.
Adaptive Refinements in Subdivision Surfaces?
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Xu, Zheng; Kondo, Kunio
One problem in subdivision surfaces is the number of meshes grows quickly after every subdivision step. The number of meshes of the subdivision surface is usually huge and the scheme is difficult to manipulate. In this paper, an adaptive refinement method based on Doo-Sabin subdivision surfaces is presented. Adaptation process is controlled by an allowable angle tolerance between the normal vectors of adjacent faces. Local refinements can be realized.
Adaptive Scattered Data Interpolation with Multilevel Nonuniform B-Splines
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Lin, J.; Huang, Z.
We present an adaptive method for scattered data interpolation. The method is based on multilevel nonuniform Bsplines. It makes use of a coarse-to-fine hierarchy of control lattices to generate a sequence of bicubic nonuniform B-spline functions whose sum approaches the desired interpolation function. Experimental results demonstrate that the method performs better than the method using uniform B-splines.
Animating Brachiation
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Zhang, Zheng; Wong, Kok Cheong
This paper presents a physically-based animation system for generating realistic motion of primate brachiation. One of the main aims of this system is to facilitate the process of generating brachiation sequences with appropriate automaticity and also provide the animator with adequate controllability. A hybrid system based on an integration of three control modules of different levels. The low-level control module, namely forward dynamics interactive module can be employed to rapidly manipulate the torque values at specific joints of a simplied primate figure. Both the mid-level and high-level control modules are designated to automate the process of generating the basic global brachiation movements of the primate figure. The performance of the system is evaluated by measuring the animation results qualitatively and quantitatively. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the paradigm by generating animated sequences of realistic brachiating motion
The atrium of St. Mary Abbey in Pomposa: a hypermedial 3-D network database
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Alessandri, Claudio; Gaiani, Marco
The analysis carried out on the atrium of the church of Pomposa is an example of a multidisciplinary experience which gathered historians, computer analysts, structural and computer graphics experts on the same project. A 3-D virtual model and the related data base can be considered a common basis for the different approaches attempted and tools indispensable to a correct representation of the complexities characterizing the atrium.
The Aurora
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Sugano, Yoshinori; Masuda, Eiko
As you peek into Japans history of fine arts, a traditional way of expressing pictures can be found. It all started from printing scrolls way back in the 12th century and now turned into a medium as known as manga. Today Japan is the world largest producing country of manga and its animation can be seen almost anywhere in the world. These manga-loving people are now beginning to create computer graphic animation. All though the method have changed, the importance on the theme depicted therein haven’t changed. Until now, a big topic of CG animation was to create images to look just like the "real". However from the advance on technology, CG animation came to a point where creating the picture to feel "real" is becoming the big subject. Symbolizing the image is thought as a way to express the "real" picture. "The Aurora" is challenging to reach a new genre of an image, different of those "photoreal", by symbolizing the act and giving more meaning to the animation.
Baroque Dance Animation with Virtual Dancers
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Bertolo, Maresa; Maninetti, Paolo; Marini, Daniele
Our approach to computer simulation of the human movement is based on a high level description of the grammar of the movement and on the combination of basic movements acquired using motion capture systems. The combinatory techniques inspired by the ancient notation system of the Baroque Dance can lead to achieve complex tasks like synchronisation with the music tempo and rhythm in a simple way. The first phase of our project was the study of the human morphology and possible movements in the Baroque Dance, then we built an anthropomorphic 3D model which articulated structure makes it able to dance. Then we studied the major Baroque Dances, to identify their syntactic structure suitable for a hierarchical decomposition of a complete choreography. Third, we encoded the elementary movements by using a motion capture system with a professional human dancer, building two libraries of simple and complex movements, to be used for the control of the motion of the 3D articulated figure in two dinstict cases: for real-time generated dances and for rendering-based generated dances. Synchronisation with the music tempo and rhythm has also been solved, thanks to the rule that each musical measure corresponds to a complex step, or a word in our metaphor.We implemented two kind of interactive web tools to be used by the choreographer in order to define a choreography for the virtual dancer. The result is an easy to use animation system, settled as an educational application.
Better Pasting Via Quasi-Interpolation
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Mann, Stephen; Conrad, Blair
In this poster, we show our latest work on surface pasting, a hierarchical modeling technique. In surface pasting, we attach a feature surface to a base surface using an approximation technique. While we can use knot insertion on the feature to get the approximation to any level of tolerance, knot insertion increases the size of the representation of the feature. The work we present in this poster shows how we use quasi-interpolation to improve the approximation, allowing us to use smaller representations of our features.
Books and Devices from the Old -Their Renaissance in Computer Graphics
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Eberhardt, Bernd; Gürcay, Hasmet; Hanisch, Frank; Hüttner, Tobias; Licht, Oliver; Nill, Benjamin
In the following we present three of our institute’s activities concerning cultural heritage. First we present a reconstruction of the Antikythera Mechanism, which is the world’s oldest calculator of astronomical purpose. The implementation extensively uses engines and sensors from the OpenInventor Graphics Library. This is a particularly interesting example of a delicate object which cannot be exhibited (without the use of a virtual Computer Graphics model) since it is too valuable and delicate. Secondly we illustrate the use of Computer Graphics to make valuable medieval books available to the public. A new texture mapping approach, allows the bilinear interpolation of texture coordinates on an arbitrary triangle mesh. This approach uses projective texture mapping and can therefore utilize the hardware of modern graphic workstations. Lastly we present an application of modern 3D Computer Graphics in the field of reconstructing ancient scientific instruments. The first-four-species calculator of Wilhelm Schickard is made accessible to the public in the World Wide Web using Java3D. All three examples illustrate the use of latest technology to model ancient books or devices.
CharToon: a system to animate 2D cartoons faces
(Eurographics Association, 1999) ten Hagen, Paul; Noot, Han; Ruttkay, Zsofia
We discuss the CharToon system by which one can interactively construct parametrized 2D drawings and a set of time curves to animate the drawings. The system has been implemented in JAVA and used to produce and animate 2D cartoon faces. The variety and potential usage of such faces is to illustrated by a series of demos.
Computer Animation of Pianist’s Hand
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Kim, Junhwan
In this paper we present an algorithm for the animation of the pianist’s hand and the determination of piano fingering based on the animation. The animation shows feasible movement of hands and fingers. In general, the result of the fingering determination accords with the written fingerings. A brief description of the system and the results are presented.
Contour Extraction of Watermarks in Old Manuscripts
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Wenger, Emanuel; Karnaukhov, Victor N.; Haidinger, Alois
The comparison of watermarks in old paper is the major technique for dating undated medieval manuscripts. The extraction of watermarks as contours is the crucial task in digitalization and building a watermark database. In this paper the method of object delineation by active curves (snakes) is modified and applied to the contour tracing and skeletonization of watermarks.
Creating light-weight virtual humans for Virtual Environments
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Oliveira, Joao; Buxton, Bernard
With the advent of whole body, 3D electro-optical scanners, a new range of applications are emerging that exploit the availability of personalised, realistic human models. However, realistic rendering of such models usually entails a large number of polygons which can be unacceptable in many applications. We present a framework that exploits the approximate cylindrical and spherical symmetry of human body parts to create light-weight representations that retain the overall dimension of body parts, even at very low polygon counts.
The Danteum
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Nagakura, Takehiko
The Danteum was a building designed for Rome in 1938 by two eminent Italian architects, Giuseppe Terragni and Pietro Lingeri. Due to the defeat of their client, Mussolini, in WW II, the project was never realized and became one of the best known unbuilt modern projects. Through the use of advanced computer graphics technology, an attempt has been made to simulate a walk-through experience of light and materials inside this unbuilt monument. This animated representation revealed two of the important spatial characters embedded in the design of this building: a constant oscillation of dark and light as well as that of closed and open.
Design or art? Art or design?
(Eurographics Association, 1999) Watson, K.
Exploring the similarities and the differences between artists and designers New technology has led to similarities in the work created by fine artists and designers who use computers. In the UK, design is still looked down upon in terms of its content and some artists who are commercially successful are denigrated for pandering to market forces. Despite the blurring of the boundaries between fine art and design,

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