GCH 2019 - Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/2632818

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3D Design Of Ancient Garments
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Carrière, Melanie; Skouras, Melina; Hahmann, Stefanie; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
3D Modeling of this kind of draped clothes worn by a virtual human body is a particularly challenging task in computer graphics primarily due to the combined difficulty of creating layers of numerous fine folds and draping a person with a procedure quite different from dressing modern clothes. We propose a procedural approach for synthesizing a toga draped around a virtual body by starting from a flat fabric. We recreate visible and invisible folds as well as layers of the garment. This approach is composed into different stages inspired by movements made by roman people as they put on their toga. To adjust the toga to the morphology of the 3D model, we present a technique to create the mesh of the toga that adapts to certain parameters of the human body. Using a physical-based simulator allows us to reach our final goal: A 3D model wearing a realistic toga.
Accessible Digitisation and Visualisation of Open Cultural Heritage Assets
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Medeiros e Sá, Asla; Ibañez Vila, Adolfo Bartolome; Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina; Marroquim, Ricardo; Luiz Fonseca, Vivian; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
In this research, we proposed a methodology for documenting open and medium-large scale cultural heritage assets. By open we mean both in the sense of their location in open spaces and the fact that they are openly accessible to the public. We take advantage of the maturity of 3D digital technologies for enabling communities across the world to support the documentation of Cultural Heritage (CH) assets that are accessible to the public. For the present project, we focus on producing digital replicas of public sculptures from the Modern period situated in public spaces in Rio de Janeiro. We propose the adoption of an open-source pipeline, based on photogrammetry, which is implemented in separate phases: identification, data acquisition, processing, evaluation, and access. These phases present various challenges, in particular given the medium-large scale of such assets and the variety of spaces in which the assets are located including open spaces and other locations in which it is difficult to control the digitisation conditions. The evaluation and access of the resulting documentation is a key component of such projects. We suggest that community-led approaches have the potential to generate digital resources that are relevant both for professionals and the general public. We discuss various options for access, such as web-based solutions, Augmented Reality (AR) applications, as well as 3D printed digital replicas.
Approximate Reconstruction of 3D Scenes From Bas-Reliefs
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Casati, Pierre; Ronfard, Rémi; Hahmann, Stefanie; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
For thousands of years, bas-reliefs have been used to depict scenes of everyday life, mythology and historic events. Yet, the precise geometry of those scenes remains difficult to interpret and reconstruct. Over the past decade, methods have been developed for generating bas-reliefs from 3D scenes. In this paper, we investigate the inverse problem of interpreting and reconstructing 3D scenes from their bas-relief depictions. Even approximate reconstructions can be useful for art historians and museum exhibit designers, as a first entry to the complete interpretation of the narratives told in stone or marble. To create such approximate reconstructions, we present methods for extracting 3D base mesh models of all characters depicted in a bas-relief. We take advantages of the bas-relief geometry and high-level knowledge of human body proportions to recover body parts and their three-dimensional structure, even in severe cases of contact and occlusion. We present experimental results for 6 bas-relief depictions of Greek mythological and historical scenes involving 18 characters and draw conclusions for future work.
Augmented Reality (AR) Maps for Experiencing Creative Narratives of Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Echavarria, Karina Rodriguez; Dibble, Laurie; Bracco, Aurelie; Silverton, Edward; Dixon, Sophie; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
This research investigates how communities can meaningfully connect with Cultural Heritage through creative and digital experiences. It also explores how entry barriers can be lowered for a wider set of audiences to increase their participation in such experiences. For this, the research investigates the use of creative and narrative-based approaches, given the potential for stories to illuminate different viewpoints and interpretations of Cultural Heritage. The paper's main technical contribution is a novel approach for re-telling communities' narratives linked to people, objects, sites and events in the urban landscape as told by the community. The research proposed the novel concept of Augmented Reality (AR) Maps, which are physical maps with augmented digital narratives and delivered through Immersive Web technology. This concept is proposed as a means to document and disseminate the narratives in a way which can enhance the public understanding and appreciation of objects and sites in their communities. The approach has been tested with 32 children in local primary school in the city of Brighton and Hove (UK) in order to understand its suitability for community engagement. The significance of the research is that it demonstrates the potential of both creative and digital approaches for enabling meaningful engagement with the Cultural Heritage, while improving the well-being of the participants as well as their sense of community and place.
An Automatic Approach for the Classification of Ancient Clay Statuettes Based on Heads Features Recognition
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Scalas, Andreas; Vassallo, Valentina; Mortara, Michela; Spagnuolo, Michela; Hermon, Sorin; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
In recent years, quantitative approaches based on mathematical theories and ICT tools, known under the terms of digital, computational, and virtual archaeology, are more and more involved in the traditional archaeological research. In this paper, we apply shape analysis techniques to 3D digital replicas of archaeological findings to support their interpretation. In particular, our study focuses on a collection of small terracotta figurines from the ancient sanctuary of Ayia Irini, Cyprus, and it aims at re-analysing the material utilising a quantitative approach. We experiment state of the art techniques (meshSIFT and DBSCAN) to cluster statuettes according to the similarity of their heads, to investigate their production process.
Can Augmented Reality Enhance to a Greater Visitor Satisfaction of Historical Landmarks?
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Wakefield, Connor; Simons, Alain; John, David; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
Augmented reality (AR) is gradually becoming more common for marketing of tourist locations to enhance the visitor experience. But do visitors of historical events value the use of this technology and if so, are they willing to pay extra for the experience? As a case study, Calshot castle, part of British Heritage and situated in the New Forest was selected to research if visitors of an event at a historical location identified the use of Augmented Reality as an improvement to their visitor experience and were willing to pay extra for the experience. As the basis for the research an AR prototype was developed that allowed a 3D representation to be projected on top of the screen of a mobile device and as such delivering computer-generated perceptual information in a constructive way on a selected topic both visually and textually. The overlaid sensory information made use of a QR code. Analysis of the results revealed differences in perception between different age groups.
A Comparison of Navigation Techniques in a Virtual Museum Scenario
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Caputo,Ariel; Borin, Federico; Giachetti, Andrea; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
Thanks to the recent availability of low-cost immersive Virtual Reality (VR) devices, applications like Virtual Museums, where the users can explore fictional or recreated buildings hosting different artworks, are becoming increasingly popular. Different solutions can be implemented to enable users' navigation in an immersive Virtual Museum and the choice of the best one for a specific application is not easy, as several issues must be taken into account, like motion sickness, user's freedom, loss of orientation. In this work, we propose a novel locomotion technique called Map Overview Teleport, particularly suitable for exploration of virtual museums and compare it with standard ones in a specifically designed user study. The outcomes of the experiment give useful insights into the design of effective applications.
Crack Detection in Single- and Multi-Light Images of Painted Surfaces using Convolutional Neural Networks
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Dulecha, Tinsae Gebrechristos; Giachetti, Andrea; Pintus, Ruggero; Ciortan, Irina; Villanueva, Alberto Jaspe; Gobbetti, Enrico; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
Cracks represent an imminent danger for painted surfaces that needs to be alerted before degenerating into more severe aging effects, such as color loss. Automatic detection of cracks from painted surfaces' images would be therefore extremely useful for art conservators; however, classical image processing solutions are not effective to detect them, distinguish them from other lines or surface characteristics. A possible solution to improve the quality of crack detection exploits Multi-Light Image Collections (MLIC), that are often acquired in the Cultural Heritage domain thanks to the diffusion of the Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) technique, allowing a low cost and rich digitization of artworks' surfaces. In this paper, we propose a pipeline for the detection of crack on egg-tempera paintings from multi-light image acquisitions and that can be used as well on single images. The method is based on single or multi-light edge detection and on a custom Convolutional Neural Network able to classify image patches around edge points as crack or non-crack, trained on RTI data. The pipeline is able to classify regions with cracks with good accuracy when applied on MLIC. Used on single images, it can give still reasonable results. The analysis of the performances for different lighting directions also reveals optimal lighting directions.
End-to-end Color 3D Reproduction of Cultural Heritage Artifacts: Roseninsel Replicas
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Domajnko, Matevz; Tanksale, Tejas; Tausch, Reimar; Ritz, Martin; Knuth, Martin; Santos, Pedro; Fellner, Dieter W.; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
Planning exhibitions of cultural artifacts is always challenging. Artifacts can be very sensitive to the environment and therefore their display can be risky. One way to circumvent this is to build replicas of these artifacts. Here, 3D digitization and reproduction, either physical via 3D printing or virtual, using computer graphics, can be the method of choice. For this use case we present a workflow, from photogrammetric acquisition in challenging environments to representation of the acquired 3D models in different ways, such as online visualization and color 3D printed replicas. This work can also be seen as a first step towards establishing a workflow for full color end-to-end reproduction of artifacts. Our workflow was applied on cultural artifacts found around the ''Roseninsel'' (Rose Island), an island in Lake Starnberg (Bavaria), in collaboration with the Bavarian State Archaeological Collection in Munich. We demonstrate the results of the end-to-end reproduction workflow leading to virtual replicas (online 3D visualization, virtual and augmented reality) and physical replicas (3D printed objects). In addition, we discuss potential optimizations and briefly present an improved state-of-the-art 3D digitization system for fully autonomous acquisition of geometry and colors of cultural heritage objects.
Experiencing Art by Means of 3D Printed Replicas: Enriching the Interpretation of Pot Oiseau
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Samaroudi, Myrsini; Echavarria, Karina Rodriguez; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
Digitally fabricated artefacts or 3D replicas have the potential to enrich the interpretation of cultural assets by enhancing visitors' engagement with collections. However, it is still not well understood how replicas work as interpretative means and what are the actual visitors' attitudes towards them. The contribution of this paper is the development and evaluation of a 3D replica within a realistic interpretative scenario. This research deploys a case study focusing on a 3D printed pot representing an ''authentic'' reproduction of a pot made by Pablo Picasso, currently exhibited at the Brighton Museum and Art Gallery. By detailing the research processes and evaluation results, CH professionals can better perceive the dynamics of replicas as interpretative means within realistic situations; understand their positive contributions and weaknesses; and deploy methods and investigation themes, as presented in this paper. In this way, cultural heritage institutions and especially museums can be assisted when introducing replicas to support their audiences. The developments presented in this paper are part of a larger research project which proposes experience designs or experiential frameworks for the provision of 3D replicas to audiences. Our findings highlight that while there is enormous potential, there is also a need to re-educate people on how to engage with cultural heritage through new interpretative frameworks that are less rigid than those traditionally used in museums.
GCH 2019: Frontmatter
(Eurographics Association, 2019) Rizvic, Selma; Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
Lens Calibration for Focus Shift Correction in Close-Range Multispectral Imaging
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Brenner, Simon; Sablatnig, Robert; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
Multispectral imaging has become a popular tool to reveal properties and structures in cultural heritage objects that are hidden to the human observer. One of the inherent problems of multispectral imaging applications is chromatic aberration. Due to an extended spectral range, the effect appears more pronounced than in conventional photography in the visible spectrum. This paper is concerned with longitudinal chromatic aberrations, i.e. shifts of the focal plane along the principal axis of the camera, as they are hard to correct in post-processing and should be avoided during acquisition. To this end, a calibration scheme to measure the wavelength- and distance-dependent focal shift behavior of a given camera/lens system is proposed, which allows for a mechanical compensation at acquisition time. The approach is demonstrated on a multispectral imaging system for historical manuscript analysis. We show that the application of this compensation approach enables the acquisition of in-focus images in non-visible wavelengths using a lens optimized for the visible spectrum only.
Lossless Compression of Multi-View Cultural Heritage Image Data
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) von Buelow, Max; Guthe, Stefan; Ritz, Martin; Santos, Pedro; Fellner, Dieter W.; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
Photometric multi-view 3D geometry reconstruction and material capture are important techniques for cultural heritage digitalization. Capturing images of artifacts with high resolution and high dynamic range and the possibility to store them losslessly enables future proof application of this data. As the images tend to consume immense amounts of storage, compression is essential for long time archiving. In this paper, we present a lossless image compression approach for multi-view and material reconstruction datasets with a strong focus on data created from cultural heritage digitalization. Our approach achieves compression rates of 2:1 compared against an uncompressed representation and 1.24:1 when compared against Gzip.
Motif-driven Retrieval of Greek Painted Pottery
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Lengauer, Stefan; Komar, Alexander; Labrada, Arniel; Karl, Stephan; Trinkl, Elisabeth; Preiner, Reinhold; Bustos, Benjamin; Schreck, Tobias; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
The analysis of painted pottery is instrumental for understanding ancient Greek society and human behavior of past cultures in Archaeology. A key part of this analysis is the discovery of cross references to establish links and correspondences. However, due to the vast amount of documented images and 3D scans of pottery objects in today's domain repositories, manual search is very time consuming. Computer aided retrieval methods are of increasing importance. Mostly, current retrieval systems for this kind of cultural heritage data only allow to search for pottery of similar vessel's shape. However, in many cases important similarity cues are given by motifs painted on these vessels. We present an interactive retrieval system that makes use of this information to allow for a motif-driven search in cultural heritage repositories. We address the problem of unsupervised motif extraction for preprocessing and the shape-based similarity search for Greek painted pottery. Our experimental evaluation on relevant repository data demonstrates effectiveness of our approach on examples of different motifs of interests.
Preserving Ceramic Industrial Heritage Through Digital Technologies
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Echavarria, Karina Rodriguez; Weyrich, Tim; Brownsword, Neil; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
World-renowned for its perfection of Bone China and underglaze blue printing techniques, the historic Spode Works in Stokeon- Trent was one of the few ceramic factories in Britain to have operated continuously on its original site until the company ceased trading in 2008. Since then the site has undergone many transitions with much of its former production infrastructure being discarded. Currently the site holds an estimated 70,000 moulds once used in ceramic production dating from the mid 19th century to 2008, which remain as critical elements of British industrial history at risk of disappearing. This paper presents on-going research which explores the application of 3D technologies to create digital surrogates to support the preservation of these Cultural Heritage artefacts, and ways through which their form and context can be explored to creatively disseminate the associated histories of their production. Given the complex nature of ceramic manufacturing as well as the large-scale of the problem, this is not an easy challenge. Hence, the research investigates workflows and technologies which can support creating a digital, and potentially physical, archive with a selection of mould typologies, shapes and complexities. To further understand the complexities of industrial craft practices, the resultant dataset also aims to elucidate material and craft knowledge embodied within such objects. For this, the research looks into novel manufacturing processes, such as 3D printing, to re-invent the physical shapes documented in these moulds in new interpretations of this historic legacy.
Seismic Simulation on Virtual Reality
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Fita, Josep Lluis; Besuievsky, Gonzalo; Patow, Gustavo; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
Virtual Reality has been used in Cultural Heritage for providing immersive experiences of recreated and static environments to the final user. However, there is a lack of virtual reality applications for recreating natural phenomena like earthquakes in combination with structural simulations over ancient masonry buildings. In this paper, we describe a solution affordable for all kind of users and designed for running on low-cost devices, where users can have an immersive experience in a virtual environment, where the structural and seismic simulation affects a historical building.
Video Shot Analysis for Digital Curation and Preservation of Historical Films
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Helm, Daniel; kampel, martin; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
In automatic video analysis and film preservation, Shot Boundary Detection (SBD) and Shot Type Classification (STC) are fundamental pre-processing steps. While previous research focuses on detecting and classifying shots in different video genres such as sports movies, documentaries or news clips only few studies investigate on SBD and STC in historical footage. In order to promote research on automatic video analysis the project Visual History of the Holocaust (VHH) has been started in January 2019. The main aim of this paper is to present first results on the fundamental topics SBD and STC in the context of the project VHH. Therefore, a deep learning-based SBD approach is implemented to detect Abrupt Transitions (ATs). Furthermore, a CNN-based algorithm is analyzed and optimized in order to classify shots into the four categories: Extreme-Long-Shot (ELS), Long-Shot (LS), Medium-Shot (MS) and Close-Up (CU). Finally, both algorithms are evaluated on a self-generated historical dataset related to the National Socialism and the Holocaust. The outcome of this paper demonstrates a first quantitative evaluation of the SBD approach and displays a F1;Score of 0.866 without the need of any re-training or optimization. Moreover, the proposed STC algorithm reaches an accuracy of 0.71 on classifying shots. This paper contributes a significant base for future research on automatic shot analysis related to the project VHH.
Virtual Reality Experience of Sarajevo War Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Rizvic, Selma; Boskovic, Dusanka; Okanovic, Vensada; Kihic, Ivona Ivkovic; Sljivo, Sanda; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
Sarajevo War Tunnel can not be visited any more. It was closed just after the war due to the airport runway security. A small part (20m) can be seen in the Tunnel Museum. The only way to experience passing through this object, crucial for Sarajevo survival during the war, is Virtual Reality (VR). The paper describes the Sarajevo War Tunnel VR project, a virtual cultural heritage application combining VR storytelling about the Sarajevo siege with the VR simulation of the tunnel crossing. The user experience evaluation shows the potential of VR technologies in presentation of dark heritage.
Web-based Multi-layered Exploration of Annotated Image-based Shape and Material Models
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Villanueva, Alberto Jaspe; Pintus, Ruggero; Giachetti, Andrea; Gobbetti, Enrico; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
We introduce a novel versatile approach for letting users explore detailed image-based shape and material models integrated with structured, spatially-associated descriptive information. We represent the objects of interest as a series of registered layers of image-based shape and material information. These layers are represented at multiple scales, and can come out of a variety of pipelines and include both RTI representations and spatially-varying normal and BRDF fields, eventually as a result of fusing multi-spectral data. An overlay image pyramid associates visual annotations to the various scales. The overlay pyramid of each layer can be easily authored at data preparation time using widely available image editing tools. At run-time, an annotated multi-layered dataset is made available to clients by a standard web server. Users can explore these datasets on a variety of devices, from mobile phones to large scale displays in museum installations, using JavaScript/WebGL2 clients capable to perform layer selection, interactive relighting and enhanced visualization, annotation display, and focus-and-context multiple-layer exploration using a lens metaphor. The capabilities of our approach are demonstrated on a variety of cultural heritage use cases involving different kinds of annotated surface and material models.

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