DH2013 - Track 3

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/12324

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Placing Intangible Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Karavia, Despoina; Georgopoulos, Andreas; -
Over the last decades, the concept of Cultural Heritage has included Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), mainly due to UNESCO's initiatives. ICH is in danger of disappearance or degradation due to globalization, immigration, urbanization etc. On the other hand, ICH is strongly related to the features of space. It is formed and developed in a specific location, which is influenced by the vicinity with other civilizations. Its topographic features (altitude, inclination, distance from sea or freshwater, climate etc.), their influence in everyday life and the natural raw materials present are determinant in the process of the ICH formation. It is very important to capture and analyze the various forms of ICH, in order to extract the latent human creativity hidden in them, while at the same time studying the influence of space on their evolution. Their capture should be done by implementing appropriate equipment, methods and archival formats in order to fully describe them and to ensure the preservation of the resulting digital archives. Nowadays, the evolution of technology provides flexible means towards this aim. Furthermore, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are a tool to disseminate and manage spatial data and their relations to attributes, like the forms of ICH They allow the correlation of data, the response to spatial queries and they can lucidly visualize the data. On one hand, a web GIS system, can designate and preserve ICH by presenting the digital records of its forms and by focusing on its relations to place. On the other hand, such a system can be implemented on a research level, by introducing the analysis of the ICH forms, in order to study the influence of the geographic and topographic features of space on their evolution and formation and to study similarities and relationships between ICH of different communities and cultures. This paper describes an integrated approach to the issues of digitization of ICH and the implementation of the analysis- within a GIS environment. Its practical application requires large effort by a multidisciplinary scientific team.
Linking 3D Digital Surface Texture Data with Ancient Manufacturing Procedures
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Almeida, Vera Moitinho de; Barceló, Juan Antonio; Rosillo, Rafel; Palomo, Antoni; -
Surface texture is a key parameter in archaeological materials, where its study has been central to use-wear research, as well as in the understanding of manufacturing processes. Nowadays, 3D digital surface textures can be characterized from macroscale to nanoscale, using advanced metrology methods and techniques, and by means of 2D profile or 3D areal (non-)contact instruments, which span a wide range and resolution. In this paper, we describe an experiment based on the quantitative description of geometric surface texture patterns (i.e., the microtopography) from 3D scanned archaeological and experimental materials, in order to assess how objects were manufactured in the past. At the end, we aim to differentiate texture patterns; associate them with possible gestures, carving techniques, and used tools; and understand the technical procedure used by the craftsperson. The archaeological object of study is a large fragment of one of the stelae with carved horns on blocks of sandstone, late 4th millennium cal BC, discovered in 2008 in the Neolithic settlement in the Serra del Mas Bonet (Vilafant, Alt Empordà), Catalonia. Experimental replicas of this fragment's surface textures were made in blocks of sandstone coming from the same bedrock. The applied method consisted of using a 3D structured light scanner, with a submillimetre resolution, to capture the geometric surface texture of both prehistoric and experimental objects. Then, using surface roughness areal parameters, regulated by international standards, to describe quantitatively the texture patterns of a set of sampled areas. After that, comparisons were made, and a first conclusion is here presented.
Web Visualization of Complex Reality-Based 3D Models with Nubes
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Palacios, Belen Jimenez Fernandez; Stefani, Chiara; Lombardo, Julie; Luca, Livio de; Remondino, Fabio; -
This paper discusses the fundamental issues of the real-time web-based visualization of complex reality-based 3D models. As web platform, we use NUBES, an innovative and powerful tool for sharing and analyzing reality-based 3D models online. A new automatic procedure for the setting-up and the uploading of 3D complex scenes into NUBES is presented, including the optimization of the geometric and radiometric information for web visualization.
ATHENA: Automatic Text Height ExtractioN for the Analysis of old handwritten manuscripts
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Pintus, Ruggero; Yang, Ying; Rushmeier, Holly; -
A massive digital acquisition of huge sets of deteriorating historical documents is mandatory due to their value and delicacy. The study and the browsing of such digital libraries is becoming crucial for scholars in the Cultural Heritage field, but it requires automatic tools for analyzing and indexing those dataset items. We present here a layout analysis method to perform automatic text height estimation, without the need of any kind of manual intervention and user defined parameters. It proves to be a robust technique in the case of very noisy and damaged handwritten manuscripts. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on a huge heterogeneous corpus of medieval manuscripts, with different writing styles, and affected by other uncontrollable factors, such as ink bleed-through, background noise, and overtyping text lines.
Building Information Modelling and the Documentation of Architectural Heritage: between the typical and the specific
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Fai, Stephen; Sydor, Mikael; -
One of the greatest challenges to using Building Information Modelling (BIM) for the documentation of architectural heritage is in overcoming the propensity of the software toward standardization. Most BIM applications are optimized for industrialized building systems where even a minor deviation in geometry or dimension between like elements is considered problematic. Heritage buildings, on the other hand, are more typically constructed of unique elements that, while sometimes similar, can never be assumed to be identical. For example, two Corinthian capitals from the Temple of Mars Ultor may be similar, but they are not the same. In this paper, we discuss a novel method for developing a BIM for a unique vernacular building in eastern Ontario, Canada. Constructed anonymously in two discrete stages during the last half of the 19C, the builders employed both stacked log and an idiosyncratic balloon frame construction. Both types of construction are far from the standard assemblies found in commercial BIM software. In discussing the construction of the model, we will outline the integration of detailed survey data, including pointcloud, with a library of 'typical', but parametric, construction details under development by our research group. While the survey provides an accurate geometrical record of the building under discussion including structural deformations the library is used to develop the specific assemblies and is based on, and fully indexed to, 'typical' details culled from construction manuals available in Canada during the late 19C.
Aspects of the Digitalisation of the Documentation and Research of Lithuanian Historical Organs
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Povilionis, Girenas; Povilioniene, Rima; -
About 450 historical organs have survived to the present day in Lithuania. Some of them are almost completely authentic instruments which constitute valuable heritage and have been recognised as being unique in European context. Currently the digitalisation of the data about the Lithuanian organ heritage is being implemented at the Centre for the Lithuanian Cultural Heritage since 2000 (until then non-digital data were accumulated) and is oriented towards the promotion of this part of the country's heritage, and scientific research. The most valuable instruments included on the heritage list are registered in detail: comprehensive photography of their separate parts and equipment, engineering data, as well as that of the surviving authentic mechanism and parts. A research into the instrumental part of some the most valuable organs (the organs in the church in Joniskis, the churches of the Holy Spirit and the Bernardine in Vilnius) is introduced. By the drawings it is possible to recreate an organ or make a copy-replica in case it is destroyed; the data can be used to make a new instrument according to old organ-making traditions.
Cellars of Paris, under the cobbles, cellars!
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Sandron, Dany; Chaumet, Gregory; -
This project of systematic investigation of Parisian cellars is by nature pluri-disciplinary. It relies on the complementary skills of historians, architectural historians, archaeologists, architects and engineers. For several years, the Centre Chastel (UMR 8150) has developed a specific research axis about Paris, and is now associated with other organisations that have produced expert works and surveys on the development of the city based on documentary and archaeological materials: the Department for History of Architecture and Archaeology of Paris (DHAAP), the Heritage and inventory services of the Ile de France region, which benefits from a strong regional experience in the analysis of cellars, the National Archives and their centre on the historical topography of Paris and the INRAP engineers and archaeologists.
When script engravings reveal a semantic link between the conceptual and the spatial dimensions of a monument: the case of the Tomb of Emperor Qianlong.
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Luca, Livio De; Busayarat, Chawee; Domenico, Francesca De; Lombardo, Julie; Pierrot-Deseilligny, Marc; Stefani, Chiara; Wang, Françoise; -
Like most Chinese imperial tombs, the tomb of Emperor Qianlong consists of a suite of four rooms forming a underground space of 372 m2. Its originality lies in the inscriptions which are engraved on the walls and vaults and exclusively in Tibetan (30,000 characters) and Lantsa (600 characters). In the project we present here, all engravings were digitized and a large part of them have been identified. Their identification has highlighted the idea which was certainly at the base of ornamental program of the Qianlong's tomb: the choice of texts and their particular arrangement was used to virtually reconstruct a "stupa" : a Buddhist funerary monument. So the study and representation of script engravings and iconography of the tomb opened the general issue of finding an original solution to explain, from a visual and semantic point of view, the relationship of two parallel dimensions. On the one hand, the description of the morphology of the tomb through the spatial structure of geometric entities in a 3D model (collection of architectural forms and spatial relationships), on the other hand, the description of knowledge related to the Tibetan funeral rituals (abstract concepts and semantic relations). The formalized and represented textual and graphics data become accessible within an analytical support (information system) allowing to explore the relationship between the conceptual and spatial dimensions of the tomb through three interactive devices interconnected: a real-time 3D scene for exploring the physical space, a dynamic graph for navigating within a network of interconnected concepts, an graphic schema displaying the theoretical position of each conceptual and spatial entity within the representation of a virtual stupa.
Simulation of Past Life: Controlling Agent Behaviors from the Interactions between Ethnic Groups
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Lim, Chen Kim; Cani, Marie-Paule; Galvane, Quentin; Pettre, Julien; Talib, Abdullah Zawawi; -
Many efforts have been carried out in preserving the history and culture of Penang and also other regions of Malaysia since George Town was elected as a UNESCO living heritage city. This paper presents a method to simulate life in a local trading port in the 1800s, where various populations with very different social rules interacted with each other. These populations included Indian coolies, Malay vendors, British colonists and Chinese traders. The challenge is to model these ethnic groups as autonomous agents, and to capture the changes of behavior due to inter-ethnic interactions and to the arrival of boats at the pier. Agents from each population are equipped with a specific set of steering methods which are selected and parameterized according to predefined behavioral patterns (graphs of states). In this paper, we propose a new formalism where interactions between the different ethnics groups and with the boats can be either activated globally or locally. Global interactions cause changes of states for all the agents belonging to the target population, while local interactions only take place between specific agents, and result in changes of states for these agents only. The main contributions of our method are: i) Applying microscopic crowd simulation to the complex case of a multi-ethnic trading port, involving different behavioral patterns; ii) Introducing a high-level control method, through the inter-ethnic interactions formalism. The resulting system generates a variety of real-time animations, all reflecting the adequate social behaviors. Such a system would be particularly useful in a virtual tour application.
News Search Using Discourse Analytics
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Thompson, Paul; Nawaz, Raheel; Korkontzelos, Ioannis; Ananiadou, Sophia; -
The vast numbers of digitised documents containing historical data constitute a rich research data repository. However, computational methods and tools available to explore this data are still limited in functionality. Research on historical archives is still largely carried out manually. Text mining technologies offer novel methods to analyse digital content to identify various types of semantic information in these documents and to extract them as semantic metadata. Methods range from the automatic identification of named entities (e.g., people, places, organisations, etc.) to more sophisticated methods to extract information about events (e.g., births, deaths, arrests, etc.), allowing users to greatly increase the specificity of their search. We have created an extended model of event interpretation to allow searches to be refined based on various discourse facets, including isolating definite information about events from more speculative details, distinguishing positive and negative opinions and categorising events according to information source. We present ISHER as an example of a multi-faceted, semantically oriented system for searching news articles from the New York Times, dating back to 1987. We explain how our extended event interpretation model can enhance search capabilities in systems such as ISHER, including the identification of contrasting and contradictory information in news articles.
A computer-assisted constraint-based system for assembling fragmented objects
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Palmas, Gregorio; Pietroni, Nico; Cignoni, Paolo; Scopigno, Roberto; -
We propose a computer-assisted constraint-based methodology for virtual reassembly of Cultural Heritage (CH) artworks. Instead than focusing on automatic, unassisted reassembly, we targeted the scenarios where the reconstruction process is not be based on shape properties only but it is build over the experience and intuition of a CH expert. Our purpose is therefore to design a flexible interactive system, based on the selection of a set of constraints which relates different fragments, according to the understanding and experience of the CH operator. Once the user has defined those constraints, the system searches for a suitable solution, using a global energy minimization strategy that considers simultaneously all the pieces involved in the reconstruction process. Additionally, our framework provides the possibility to work in a hierarchical way, mimicking the traditional physical procedure that archaeologists use to reassemble tangible fractured objects. The frameworks is designed to work even with fragments that could have been severely damaged or eroded. On those datasets, automatic approaches may often fail, since the fractured regions do not contain enough geometric information to infer the correct matches. We present some successful uses of our framework on real application scenarios.
Bologna porticoes project: a 3D repository for WHL UNESCO nomination
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Apollonio, Fabrizio Ivan; Gaiani, Marco; Felicori, Mauro; Guidazzoli, Antonella; Virgolin, Luigi; Liguori, Maria Chiara; Fallavollita, Federico; Ballabeni, Massimo; Sun, Zheng; Baglivo, Antonio; -
The system of Bologna porticoes, included in 2006 in the Italian tentative list of World heritage sites of UNESCO, will undergo a definitive recognition of the nomination as part of the program of the current municipal council. The nomination is aimed at highlighting the portico, not only as a high-quality architectural work, which in the past centuries has become a distinctive feature of the town, but also in its social, community and anthropological meanings, as a meeting place, a protected space. The nomination project refers to different subjects and is divided into many levels of action. Among them we are going to develop a platform conceived for on-line accessing the wealth of data and resources related to the Bolognese porticoes system, such as historical, artistic, architectural resources, besides all those data regarding its actual management. The platform will perform the harvesting of several already existing databases, making the data available to citizens, tourists and scholars thanks to a graphic interface allowing a navigation in space and time. Therefore our system will facilitate the development of further cultural and promotional cross-medial applications, such as apps for mobile devices, augmented graphics and 3D architectural mapping events. Through social media tools, citizens will be invited not only to enjoy and share the proposed contents, but also to take an active stance in the project by uploading contents and comments. The core of our platform will consist of reality-based high quality 3D models usable and navigable within the system as main user interface. Uniform quality and consistency of our reality-based 3D digital models along the more than 40 km of porticoes was ensured by a controlled, low-cost process starting from photo-modeling techniques.
JAVANESE CHARACTERS IMAGE SEGMENTATION FROM DOCUMENT IMAGE OF HAMONG TANI
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Himamunanto, Rudatyo; Widiarti, Anastasia Rita; -
Script image segmentation of a document image is the most decisive step to the success of the process of transliteration of the script image into another script, such as automatically transliterating a printed Javanese manuscript image into a Latin manuscript. This paper gives an example of the application of profile projection modification to the segmentation of Javanese script document image of the entire 87 pages of the document image of HamongTani book. Based on the output of the developed system, the average percentage of correctness is 84.255% with the average standard deviation of 14.093%. This value of average percentage of correctness shows that the model developed for the Java script document image segmentation of the HamongTani book is relatively good.
The Cathedral of Palermo: from survey to historic interpretation
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Agnello, Fabrizio; -
The Norman kings built the Cathedral of Palermo at the end of the XII century, in the same place where an older Christian church and then a mosque were sited. Many features of the Cathedral echo the Norman churches in northern France and in England, whilst some others belong to the peculiar mixing of Norman, Muslim and Byzantine culture that characterizes the art and architecture of medieval Sicily. At the end of the XVIII century the church underwent huge and extensive transformations, that deeply altered its original shape. The historic sources that document the Medieval church are some XVIII century perspective drawings, and a textual description. The Cathedral has been surveyed with topographic and laser scanning devices; some decorative elements have been surveyed with a structured light scanner. In this study survey, 3D modelling and historic sources have been integrated for the purpose to detect the elements that survived the transformations and propose a virtual reconstruction of the state of the Cathedral before the end of the XVIII century.
Knowledge Cube
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Alrawi, Osama; -
Architectural identity, as an evolutionary chain of creative tradition, can only be sustained and revived from within, starting with a strengthening of these very internal processes and not by imposing external forms. Usually talking about architectural heritage it is just about the one preserved for touristic events. To overcome this shortage we are going to deal with depends on knowledge or expertise and also on effective application of requisite processing operations to relevant knowledge. The prototyping, testing, evaluation and evolution all use the formidable power of the computer, but the initial spark come from human creativity. The aim of this paper is to resolve the missing integrative vision of culture as a phenomena concept within the existing ontologies. One common criticism of visualization research is that it presents techniques that are technically interesting but that do not provide solutions to real problems. This is a classic problem in research tool and system designs, where technologists have a vision, based on what is computationally possible, but lack an understanding of what is really needed to solve the problems of their generative systems to become a source of inspiration for architectural design process. The new relations between digital form and digital processes are contributing today to the emergence of new conceptual vocabulary, and domain knowledge. Ontologies are known as artifacts designed to model domains of knowledge in a machine understandable manner. In order to exploit machine power in historical data processing it would be necessary to achieve machine interpretable knowledge which is tied with knowledge representation and ontologies. Creative thought potential users. The solution to this problems are the imaginative use which means using the computer like the genii in the bottle to compress evolutionary space and time so that complexity and emergent architectural forms are also a source of inspiration.
The virtual concreteness of the architectural project. Ideas and experimentations for a digital archive of the Italian Masters work of the 20th century
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Albisinni, Piero; Carlo, Laura De; Kantas, Prokopios; Mancini, Matteo Flavio; Moscarelli, Alessia; Mulla, Erald; -
We propose to illustrate a methodological approach aimed to establish a "Digital archive of the Italian Masters work in the second half of the 20th century". To this end, we consider the architectural project from its graphic layout as a cultural heritage. Being as part of the field of new representational forms investigation, this work aims at designing, analyzing and communicating architecture. Thanks to its wide professional relapses, its prefiguration of architectural projects and its diffusion through different media, this is a highly developed research area (also at an international level). This is due to continuous development and usage of informatics technologies also in the architectural representation field. New forms of multimedia communication allow using image in all of its forms, from movement to "real-time" visualization, to the so-called "augmented reality" so we overcome the text and image dichotomy using the iconic processing as a critical-interpretative instrument. Computer modeling techniques, used for the project communication at different scales, are particularly suited for the analysis of architecture especially the not-built-ones. They allow the reconstruction of the design process which lead to the spatial, morphological, functional configuration. Italian architects of the second half of last century, represented the national vanguard of contemporary architectural culture through their works. Going over the evolution of their design experimentations we need to involve both the institutional structures delegated to project materials storage, and those responsible for the valorization and dissemination of the architectural culture in Italy.
Digital reconstruction and visualization in archaeology. Case-study drawn from the work of the Swedish Pompeii Project
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Dell'Unto, Nicolò; Ferdani, Daniele; Leander, Anne Marie; Dellepiane, Matteo; Callieri, Marco; Lindgren, Stefan; -
The Swedish Pompeii Project started in 2000 as a research and fieldwork activity initiated by the Swedish Institute in Rome. The aim was to record and analyze an entire Pompeian city-block, Insula V 1. Since autumn 2011 a new branch of advanced digital archaeology, involving 3D reconstructions and documentation methods, was added to the project agenda. The insula was completely digitized using laser scanner technology and the raw data were employed to develop different research activities in the area of digital visualization. This paper presents the recent results of the 3D interpretation of the house of Caecilius Iucundus. This research activity was developed employing a large variety of historical and archaeological sources such as: archaeological reports, historical image documentation (printed as well as in edited material) and analysis of the in situ structures. This work was characterized by the experimentation of a new workflow of data development, where the elaboration of the interpreted structures took place directly in virtual space, using the scanned model as geometrical reference. This method easily connected all the historical and archaeological sources collected for the interpretation, opening a new discussion about different possible interpretation of the house. Moreover, a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) was used in different occasions as platform where the different hypotheses could be discussed in the context given by the actual state of the archaeological structures. The use of an accurate and resolute replica of the site as a backdrop for the virtual reconstruction allowed a high level of control on the proposed hypotheses during the interpretation process. This study enabled the acquisition of new and important information about the house, thus, bringing a significant contribution to the archaeological analysis of Insula V 1, suggested as pilot project for wider use.
The patrimonialization process of advertising : from scorn and mistrust to documentary heritage, archive, and history
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Armand, Cécile; -
This short essay aims at tracing the patrimonialization process of advertising from the 19th century to nowadays. The process followed third steps. First, advertising evolved from a despised object to a valuable cultural artifact. Considered as useless or deceitful in first place, advertising has gradually managed to gain legitimacy as a useful and even necessary tool for both companies that want to sell their products and for consumers in search of information, and finally as a cultural artifact and a work of art worthy of being collected or entering museums or exhibitions (from French poster designers such as Jules Chéret or Toulouse-Lautrec to the creative revolution in the 1960s or the more recent exhibitions Goudemalion at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs in Paris in 2012). This process of recognition is mainly due to the efforts made by advertisers who participate in the profesionalization process of their activities at the time. The second and more recent step, from a cultural object to an archive, raises such sensible issues as collecting and preserving advertisements; digitization (digitized/digital-born ads; methods and tools); metadata and semantic. As a specific archive, torn between abundance and scarcity or unequal quality of data, it requires a specific literacy from archivists who need to be trained for that purpose. The case of Duke University will serve to illustrate these questions. The last step from an available archive to a historical material also requires a special literacy for historians to build databases and corpora, to identify and select the accurate documents, to choose the appropriate methodology and tools to examine and interpret this specific material. Finally, the question of whether and how to use advertising as a material to imagine new forms of historical narratives (visual or digital narratives, vi- tual exhibits) will be explored. Last but not least, we will examine the transformation of ads in the last decade through digital approaches, the impact of digitization on copyright and on the preservation and study of advertising.
High performance hybrid FEM/DEM simulation tool for numerical analysis of historical structures
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Bagnéris, Marine; Dubois, Frédéric; Jean, Michel; Martin, Alexandre; Taforel, Paul; Visseq, Vincent; -
The current paper aims at presenting the various aspects of a modeling and simulation framework dedicated to the study of historical structures considered as complex mechanical systems with interactions (contact, friction, cohesion, etc) and multi-physics couplings (thermal effects, diffusion, etc). Based on the proposed framework a simulation tool has been developed, with a complete strategy (pre-processing, simulation, post-processing), making possible to deal efficiently with the numerical modeling of those structures; it is available as an open-source software: LMGC90 [4].
Home, sense of place and visitors intepretation of digital cultural immersive experiences in museums.
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Schettino, Patrizia; -
What is the relationship between the visitor's hybrid identity and his/her interpretation process? How can his/her relationship with one or more places affect the understanding of a real place, a virtual place, or a digital representation of a real place through augmented panoramas? This paper will answer these two research questions, interpreting the patterns emerging from data collected about visitors' experiences in the immersive environment PLACE-Hampi, designed by Sarah Kenderdine and Jeffrey Shaw. The paper is based on a method which the author calls ''embodied constructivist GTM digital ethnography in situ''.

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