EG GCH: EUROGRAPHICS Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage

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2D/3D Semantic Annotation of Spatialized Images for the Documentation and Analysis of Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Manuel, Adeline; Véron, Philippe; Luca, Livio De; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The introduction of digital technologies in the documentation methods for cultural heritage has helped to design new tools for the acquisition and management of information collected for multidisciplinary studies. These tools are beginning to emerge as the preferred media for describing, analyzing and understanding the objects of study. Existing solutions for semantic annotation on images, on 3D models or with 2D/3D hybrid methods still reveal themselves today insufficient to tackle the complex problem of annotating heritage artifacts. In this field, the semantic description of the studied objects must be able to rely on a rich and structured representation by on one hand making explicit the morphological complexity of the object and on the other hand by reflecting all aspects conveyed by the acquisitions of scientific imaging. This paper introduces an approach for conducting semantic annotations on 2D images (photography, scientific imaging ...) while facilitating the annotation work with an automatic propagation of these annotations between other correlated representations (2D or 3D) of the object. It is based on a spatial referencing method aiming at the establishment of a continuous 2D/3D projective relationship. The goal of the approach is to define an informative continuum between all phases of observation and description processes ranging from the acquisition of images and spatial data up to the building of semantically-enriched 3D representations. The idea is to insert semantics at all phases of 2D/3D data processing while ensuring a continuous correlation of annotations from a spatial, temporal and morphological point of view.
3-D Digital Preservation of At-Risk Global Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Lercari, Nicola; Shulze, Jurgen; Wendrich, Willeke; Porter, Benjamin; Burton, Margie; Levy, Thomas E.; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
Recent current events have dramatically highlighted the vulnerability of the world's material cultural heritage. The 3-D Digital Preservation of At-Risk Global Cultural Heritage project, led by Thomas Levy at UC San Diego, catalyzes a collaborative research effort by four University of California campuses (San Diego, Berkeley, Los Angeles and Merced) to use cyberarchaeology and computer graphics for cultural heritage to document and safeguard virtually some of the most at-risk heritage objects and places. Faculty and students involved in this project are conducting path-breaking archaeological research - covering more than 10,000 years of culture and architecture - in Cyprus, Greece, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Turkey, and the United States. This project uses the 3-D archaeological data collected in numerous at-risk heritage places to study, forecast, and model the effects of human conflict, climate change, natural disasters and technological and cultural changes on these sites and landscapes. The greater challenge undertaken by this project is to integrate archaeological heritage data and digital heritage data using the recently-announced Pacific Research Platform (PRP) and its 10-100Gb/s network as well as virtual reality kiosks installed in each participating UC campus. Our aim is to link UC San Diego and the San Diego Supercomputer Center to other labs, libraries and museums at the other UC campuses to form a highly-networked collaborative platform for curation, analysis, and visualization of 3D archaeological heritage data.
3D and Challenging Materials
(IEEE, 2015) Mathys, Aurore; Brecko, Jonathan; Spiegel, Didier Van den; Semal, Patrick; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Fabio Remondino
Museum collections are composed of many different materials with different optical properties. These properties are an important factor to consider when using 3D digitisation as museum artefacts cannot be sprayed with an opaque coating to avoid reflection and facilitate 3D scanning. In this paper we review a wide variety of materials and techniques in order to propose guidelines for the 3D digitisation of different materials.
3D Annotation Transfer
(The Eurographics Association, 2017) Scalas, Andreas; Mortara, Michela; Spagnuolo, Michela; Tobias Schreck and Tim Weyrich and Robert Sablatnig and Benjamin Stular
In the last few years, there has been an increase in digitalization efforts within the Cultural Heritage field, which boosted the interest for new strategies to improve documentation standards. While these concepts have been largely studied for most of the CH content types, 3D data still need to be fully worked out as document types. One of the most innovative methods to glue the documentation (i.e. the semantics) of the artifacts to their geometry is to exploit the technology of the semantic web and implement the semantic annotation pipeline for 3D data. Since the 3D representation of artifacts is not a standard, and in the particular case of triangular meshes there are differences of resolutions and vertices position, there is the strong need for tools which could allow for annotation persistence between representation switch. In this paper, we present the first results in the design of an automatic algorithm for annotation transfer between triangular meshes with different resolutions, provided that they represent the same artifact.
3D Design Of Ancient Garments
(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Carrière, Melanie; Skouras, Melina; Hahmann, Stefanie; Rizvic, Selma and Rodriguez Echavarria, Karina
3D Modeling of this kind of draped clothes worn by a virtual human body is a particularly challenging task in computer graphics primarily due to the combined difficulty of creating layers of numerous fine folds and draping a person with a procedure quite different from dressing modern clothes. We propose a procedural approach for synthesizing a toga draped around a virtual body by starting from a flat fabric. We recreate visible and invisible folds as well as layers of the garment. This approach is composed into different stages inspired by movements made by roman people as they put on their toga. To adjust the toga to the morphology of the 3D model, we present a technique to create the mesh of the toga that adapts to certain parameters of the human body. Using a physical-based simulator allows us to reach our final goal: A 3D model wearing a realistic toga.
3D documentation and monitoring of the experimental cleaning operations in the underwater archaeological site of Baia (Italy)
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Bruno, Fabio; Gallo, Alessandro; Filippo, Francesco De; Muzzupappa, Maurizio; Davidde, Barbara; Caputo, Paolo; -
The CoMAS project aims to develop new methodologies and tools for the restoration and conservation of submerged archaeological artefacts. One of the project goals is to study the cleaning operations that are intended to remove the living organisms (algae, sponges, molluscs, etc.). These organisms cause severe deteriorations of the artefacts and their removal is crucial for the subsequent phases of consolidation and protection. In particular, the Unit of Underwater Archaeology of the Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro is experimenting and comparing different cleaning techniques and tools developed in the context of the CoMAS project. This comparison requires also a precise documentation of the test cases and a quantitative measurement of the effectiveness of the cleaning procedures. This paper describes the process that has been defined in order to document and monitor the results obtained through different cleaning experiments, conducted with different tools and utensils over various types of surfaces (marble, bricks, mortar, etc.) affected by several types of biological colonization. The process includes: 1) the 3D mapping of the experimental site; 2) the planning of the tests and the choice of the areas to be cleaned; 3) the 3D reconstruction of the selected areas; 4) the execution of cleaning operations; 5) the 3D acquisition of the cleaned areas; 6) the comparison of the 3D model of the areas before and after the cleaning; 7) the analysis of the data about the cleaning effectiveness. This process has been implemented during an experimentation carried out in the ''Villa dei Pisoni'', located within the underwater archaeological site of Baia near Naples.
3D Documentation and Semantic Aware Representation of Cultural Heritage: the INCEPTION Project
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Giulio, Roberto Di; Maietti, Federica; Piaia, Emanuele; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
As part of 3D integrated survey applied to Cultural Heritage, digital documentation is gradually emerging as effective support of many different information in addition to the shape, morphology and dimensional data. The implementation of data collection processes and the development of semantically enriched 3D models is an effective way to enhance the dialogue between ICT technologies, different Cultural Heritage experts, users and different disciplines, both social and technical. The possibility to achieve interoperable models able to enrich the interdisciplinary knowledge of European cultural identity is one of the main outcome of the European Project "INCEPTION - Inclusive Cultural Heritage in Europe through 3D semantic modelling", funded by EC within the Programme Horizon 2020. The project ranges from the documentation and diagnostic strategies for heritage protection, management and enhancement, to the 3D acquisition technologies. The development of hardware, software and digital platforms is aimed at representation and dissemination of cultural heritage through ICT processes and BIM addresses to Cultural Heritage assets, up to the implementation of semantic information to a wider and more extensive use of 3D digital models.
3D documentation of Cultural Heritage artefacts: from data acquisition to virtual conservation and restoration
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Athanasiou, Eleni; Faka, Marina; Hermon, Sorin; Vassallo, Valentina; Yakoupi, Kyriaki; -
This paper focuses on the development of a procedure for 3D documentation of Cultural Heritage assets and describes all the steps from the 3D data acquisition of the real object, the post processing the raw data and finally the digital recording, documentation and virtual preservation of the 3D data. It will also describe the experiences, carried out during the digital process, of some virtual restoration cases.
3D Enhanced Model from Multiple Data Sources for the Analysis of the Cylinder Seal of Ibni-Sharrum
(The Eurographics Association, 2008) Pitzalis, Denis; Cignoni, Paolo; Menu, Michel; Aitken, Genevieve; Michael Ashley and Sorin Hermon and Alberto Proenca and Karina Rodriguez-Echavarria
In this paper we present the result of the integration of multiple data sources of different 3D acquisition techniques. These acquisitions have been done in order to create a new way to document works of art that have been applied to the "Cylinder seal of Ibni-Sharrum". X-ray tomography has been used to reveal the exact position of inclusions and the presence fissure in the mineral structure; optical micro topography gives the prints of the surface of the seal with a unparallelled precision of up to 0.1μm. Finally a lower resolution 3D model obtained via photogrammetry has been used as a starting point where the tomographic and micro topographic data sets have been superimposed and integrated without precision loss. Furthermore, the textures obtained from HDR photographs has been registered and merged onto the high resolution mesh. These methods have pros and cons that will be discussed and the final obtained model will be the sum of all the complementary cons. The final result of this interdisciplinary investigation will help the curator to better describe the fabrication techniques used in order to achieve the final object and a contemporary artist to do a reproduction of the cylinder at a scale of 1000:1.
3D Face Modeling from Ancient Kabuki Drawings
(The Eurographics Association, 2005) Xu, Weiwei; Akama, Ryo; Tanaka, Hiromi T.; Mark Mudge and Nick Ryan and Roberto Scopigno
In this paper, we describe a system to reconstruct 3D face model from ancient Japanese Kabuki drawings. Because of the limitation of input, we deform the face model, which is compatible with MPEG-4 face animation standard, according to ancient drawings to get the 3D geometry, and then a texture mapping algorithm is used to map Kabuki make-up onto the reconstructed 3D face model. The deformation and texture mapping algorithms are based on multi-level radial basis function network, which is an extension of original radial basis function to achieve the smoothness and precision simultaneously. Experimental results show that the multilevel RBF method can solve the deformation and texture mapping problems quite well.
3D Face Reconstruction from Skull Aimed to Archaeological Applications. The Site of Murecine: a Case Study
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Abate, A.F.; Nappi, M.; Ricciardi, S.; Sabatino, G.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
This paper presents a methodology to generate a 3D face model from its skull that is specifically aimed to archaeological/anthropological applications. The proposed approach to facial reconstruction, starting from the well established landmark based reconstruction technique", relies on craniometrical analysis and content based image retrieval technology to achieve a more ethnically faithful reproduction of main facial features respect to other methods based uniquely on very large scale statistical data. It also tries to address the problem of a plausible reproduction of important physiognomic features (such as eyes, nose, lips, ears and hairs) which simply can t be inferred from the skull. The facial reconstruction of a female subject found in the archaeological site of Murecine (Pompei) who found death during the volcanic eruption in 79 a. C. is presented as a case study.
3D for Studying Reuse in 19th Century Cairo: the Case of Saint-Maurice Residence
(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Baillet, Vincent; Mora, Pascal; Cou, Corentin; Tournon-Valiente, Sarah; Volait, Mercedes; Granier, Xavier; Pacanowski, Romain; Guennebaud, Gaël; Hulusic, Vedad and Chalmers, Alan
3D restitution is now a well-known tool to validate hypotheses on historical buildings that do not exist anymore. The present project takes the method a step further in order to explore the art historical topic of ornament reuse in 19th century revival architecture, particularly in Cairo. The case study is the Saint-Maurice residence, built 1875-79, for which an extensive collection of documents in varied formats, and from multiple locations and disciplines, has been conducted. The paper presents some preliminary results on the 3D restitution, the remaining open questions and the challenges they raise.
3D in-world Telepresence With Camera-Tracked Gestural Interaction
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Champion, Erik Malcolm; Qiang, Li; Lacet, Demetrius; Dekker, Andrew; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
While many education institutes use Skype, Google Chat or other commercial video-conferencing applications, these applications are not suitable for presenting architectural or urban design or archaeological information, as they don't integrate the presenter with interactive 3D media. Nor do they allow spatial or component-based interaction controlled by the presenter in a natural and intuitive manner, without needing to sit or stoop over a mouse or keyboard. A third feature that would be very useful is to mirror the presenter's gestures and actions so that the presenter does not have to try to face both audience and screen. To meet these demands we developed a prototype camera-tracking application using a Kinect camera sensor and multi-camera Unity windows for teleconferencing that required the presentation of interactive 3D content along with the speaker (or an avatar that mirrored the gestures of the speaker). Cheaply available commercial software and hardware but coupled with a large display screen (in this case an 8 meter wide curved screen) allows participants to have their gestures, movements and group behavior fed into the virtual environment either directly or indirectly. Allowing speakers to present 3D virtual worlds remotely located audiences while appearing to be inside virtual worlds has immediate practical uses for teaching and long-distance collaboration.
A 3D Kinematic Model for Assessing the Seismic Capacity of the Frigidarium of the Baths of Diocletian
(IEEE, 2015) Sadholz, Aaron; Muir, Christopher; Perucchio, Renato; Gabriele Guidi and Roberto Scopigno and Juan Barceló
The Frigidarium of the Baths of Diocletian in Rome is one of the largest extant heritage structures built with unreinforced masonry material. The structural capacity of the Frigidarium to resist lateral accelerations generated by an earthquake is assessed by pushover analysis based on a limit kinematic approach. A 3D solid model of the Frigidarium modular section is subdivided into rigid blocks by cutting planes corresponding to the fracture surfaces determined by a preliminary nonlinear FE analysis. The blocks are then connected by rotational hinges to form a mechanism anchored to a base platform that translates horizontally with increasing acceleration. The mechanism, initially in static equilibrium, is eventually driven into dynamic conditions by the inertial forces generated by the moving platform. The intensity of the acceleration at the limit of the static condition (i.e., at the moment of impending motion) defines the structural capacity. A series of tests is conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the model to changes in fracture orientation and hinge location, and to the introduction of friction between two blocks. Based on the current results, the capacity can be assessed at about 0.4g.
3D Laser Scanning in Cave Environment: the Case of Las Cuevas, Belize. Acquisition of the Cave System and Excavation Area
(The Eurographics Association, 2013) Lindgren, Stefan; Galeazzi, Fabrizio; -
The Las Cuevas site is a Maya administrative and ceremonial center active during the latter part of the Late Classic period (700 900 AD) in Western Belize. It is of particular interest because a large cave resides directly beneath the largest temple in the site core. This paper presents the use of phase shift variation laser scanning technology (Faro Focus 3D) for the acquisition of the cave's network of galleries (9 chambers) and a large excavation area (8×5 m) investigated in the entrance chamber in the summer of 2012. More than 300 scans were made to acquire the entire cave and the amount of 3D data collected was more than 400 GB. The creation of different level of details allowed the alignment and triangulation of the 3D models of the different chambers and units. The dimension (24×20×10 cm; 5 kg) and accuracy (' 2 mm at 10 25 m) of the laser scanner allowed complete documentation of the cave and units in just three weeks of work. The importance of this work relies on the possibility to use the processed data to systematically improve the archaeological understanding of Las Cuevas' complex cave system, favoring the interpretation of socio-cultural dynamics linked to cave environments during the Late Classic. The use of 3D technologies can, in fact, help the understanding of how the space in the cave was used in the past for rituals and ceremonies. Moreover, the 3D millimetric reproduction of the excavation process linked to the 3D survey of the entire cave will be instrumental for the archaeological record's preservation. Future scholars will have the opportunity to retrace the work made by archaeologists at Las Cuevas, starting new discussion and interpretations of the same 3D archaeological context.
3D Modeling for Non-Expert Users with the Castle Construction Kit v0.5
(The Eurographics Association, 2005) Gerth, Björn; Berndt, René; Havemann, Sven; Fellner, Dieter W.; Mark Mudge and Nick Ryan and Roberto Scopigno
We present first results of a system for the ergonomic and economic production of three-dimensional interactive illustrations by non-expert users like average CH professionals. For this purpose we enter the realm of domaindependent interactive modeling tools, in this case exemplified with the domain of medieval castles. Special emphasis is laid on creating generic modeling tools that increase the usability with a unified 3D user interface, as well as the efficiency of tool generation. On the technical level our system innovates by combining two powerful but previously separate approaches, the Generative Modeling Language (GML) and the OpenSG scene graph engine.
3D Modeling of Large and Complex Site Using Multi-sensor Integration and Multi-resolution Data
(The Eurographics Association, 2008) Guidi, Gabriele; Remondino, Fabio; Russo, Michele; Menna, Fabio; Rizzi, Alessandro; Michael Ashley and Sorin Hermon and Alberto Proenca and Karina Rodriguez-Echavarria
The article describes a multi-resolution approach developed for the 3D modeling of the entire Roman Forum in Pompeii, Italy. The archaeological area, approximately 150 x 80 m, contains more than 350 finds spread all over the Forum as well as larger mural structures of previous buildings and temples. The interdisciplinary 3D modeling work consists of a multi-scale image- and range-based digital documentation method developed to fulfil all the surveying and archaeological needs and exploit all the potentialities of the actual 3D modeling techniques. Data's resolution spans from few decimetres down to few millimetres, both in geometry and texture. The employed surveying methodologies have pros and cons which will be addressed and discussed. The first results of the integration of the different 3D data in a unique and seamless textured 3D model will be presented.
3D movie of the house of Caecilius Iucundus in Pompeii
(IEEE, 2015) Lindgren, Stefan; Ferdani, Daniele; Touati, Anne-Marie Leander; Demetrescu, Emanuel; Sofia Pescarin and Pedro Cano and Alfredo Grande
The computer graphic movie about the House of Caecilius Iucundus was produced for the exhibition Pompeji, held at the Millesgården, Stockholm, form sept. 2014 to may 2015. The exhibition invited to experience Pompeian domestic space by means of a scenography partly reconstructing the House of Cacilius Iucundus, by means of original objects, small finds and wall decorations, found in his house, and by means of the overall visualization offered by the movie.
3D Object Spatial- consistent Texture Maps Appropriate for 2D Image Processing
(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Ioannakis, George; Koutsoudis, Anestis; Chamzas, Christos; Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca
The aim of this work is to generate a spatial-consistent UV maps of a 3D object's texture suitable for 2D image processing algorithms. An approach to produce such a fully spatially consistent UV mapping suitable for image processing based on the planar parameterisation of the mesh is presented. The mesh of a 3D model is parametrised onto a unit square 2D plane using computational conformal geometry techniques. The proposed method is genus independent, due to an iterative 3D mesh cutting procedure. The selection of the initial seed vertex for the mesh-cut is not essential for the parameterisation of the geometry, however it affects heavily the appearance of the obtained texture map. In this work we attempt to determine such a seed vertex, in order the UV map to be suitable for image processing. Having the texture of a 3D model depicted on a spatially continuous two dimensional structure enables us to efficiently apply well known image processing based techniques and algorithms. Our method is applied on a 3D digital replica of an ancient Greek Lekythos vessel.
3D orientation of archaeological fragments coming from a Gothic spire
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Laugerotte, C.; Warzée, N.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
In this paper, we address the problem of 3D mesh orientation applied to archaeological fragments coming from a Gothic spire. Initially, these fragments are handled leading to their deterioration while the accuracy of measures (distances, molding shape,. . . ) is not always relevant. To facilitate their study, a 3D acquisition process is applied on these fragments to work on their virtual representations and computerised tools can be proposed. One of them consists in finding the orientation of a 3D mesh. Unfortunately, existing methods provide unexpected results. This is mainly due to the presence of ornamentations we can assimilate to outliers. Therefore, we propose a new method based on the identification of significant areas on the 3D mesh and on the determination of their associated orientation by considering differential parameters. Then, a voting method is performed to identify the orientation appearing the most frequently. Applied on the fragments, we obtain successful results allowing to go further in their analysis.

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