VAST04: The 5th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage

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3D Face Reconstruction from Skull Aimed to Archaeological Applications. The Site of Murecine: a Case Study
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Abate, A.F.; Nappi, M.; Ricciardi, S.; Sabatino, G.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
This paper presents a methodology to generate a 3D face model from its skull that is specifically aimed to archaeological/anthropological applications. The proposed approach to facial reconstruction, starting from the well established landmark based reconstruction technique", relies on craniometrical analysis and content based image retrieval technology to achieve a more ethnically faithful reproduction of main facial features respect to other methods based uniquely on very large scale statistical data. It also tries to address the problem of a plausible reproduction of important physiognomic features (such as eyes, nose, lips, ears and hairs) which simply can t be inferred from the skull. The facial reconstruction of a female subject found in the archaeological site of Murecine (Pompei) who found death during the volcanic eruption in 79 a. C. is presented as a case study.
3D orientation of archaeological fragments coming from a Gothic spire
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Laugerotte, C.; Warzée, N.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
In this paper, we address the problem of 3D mesh orientation applied to archaeological fragments coming from a Gothic spire. Initially, these fragments are handled leading to their deterioration while the accuracy of measures (distances, molding shape,. . . ) is not always relevant. To facilitate their study, a 3D acquisition process is applied on these fragments to work on their virtual representations and computerised tools can be proposed. One of them consists in finding the orientation of a 3D mesh. Unfortunately, existing methods provide unexpected results. This is mainly due to the presence of ornamentations we can assimilate to outliers. Therefore, we propose a new method based on the identification of significant areas on the 3D mesh and on the determination of their associated orientation by considering differential parameters. Then, a voting method is performed to identify the orientation appearing the most frequently. Applied on the fragments, we obtain successful results allowing to go further in their analysis.
Adaptive Crowd Behaviour to Aid Real-Time Rendering of a Cultural Heritage Environment
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Ryder, G.; Flack, P.; Day, A. M.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
In current city visualisations crowds are being included to increase realism in the scene. With the self-steering nature of crowds it is traditionally difficult to control the number of humans that could be in view at any one time. While rendering speedups have been successfully applied for many years, this paper takes another approach with the aim to keep a steady frame rate. We attempt to influence the crowd dynamics to maintain the frame rate, without this becoming apparent to the user. We show how this work can be applied to a virtual reality tour of a medieval town.
The Ancient Olympic Games: Being Part of the Experience
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Gaitatzes, A.; Christopoulos, D.; Papaioannou, G.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
This paper presents the virtual reality applications that the Foundation of the Hellenic World has produced associated with the Olympic Games in ancient Greece. The separate virtual reality shows are presented in terms of interactivity and educational value. The technical aspects of the productions are next explained in detail, with an emphasis on character animation, dynamics and occlusion culling for surround screen projection environments. These techniques were mostly utilised in the recent production regarding the ancient pentathlon, where much effort has been made to recreate the feeling of the games and help the user/spectator be an interacting part of the edutainment activity.
As Time Flies By: Mixed Image and Model-Based Rendering of an Historical Landscape from Helicopter Images
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Vergauwen, M.; Pletinckx, D.; Willems, G.; Verbiest, F.; Gool, L. Van; Helsen, Truus; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
For the preservation of cultural heritage to be successful the general public must be able to experience sites and reconstructions in an intuitive, yet convincingly real way. In this paper, a pipeline is discussed that can be employed to generate an interactive presentation of landscape reconstruction through a Quicktime VR object movie. Images of the current landscape are registered with virtual reconstructions of the same landscape through time.
An Authoring Tool for Interactive Digital Storytelling
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Linaza, M.T.; Eskudero, H.; Lamsfus, C.; Marcos, G.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
Stories that are read are usually linear and fixed in their form and structure. Stories that are told are often flexible in these respects: the storyteller can change order and content in response to the audience reaction and participation. Interactive multimedia and digital storytelling technologies now make the presentation of interactive stories possible, with non-linear narrative flow and dynamic character definitions and developments. Authoring such interactive stories has thus become a new challenge for authors and artists. We report on the development and initial tests of a prototype authoring support tool that is intended to support authors in the design, construction and specification of Digital Interactive Stories for multimedia presentation platforms. This Authoring Tool is part of the art-E-fact project- a collaborative project funded by the EU- in which it serves as an experimental platform for understanding how artists and authors want to create these new kinds of 'Digital Stories'.
A case study of a virtual audience in a reconstruction of an ancient Roman odeon in Aphrodisias
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Ciechomski, Pablo de Heras; Ulicny, Branislav; Cetre, Rachel; Thalmann, Daniel; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
The benefits of including virtual humans into cultural heritage reconstructions are twofold: the realism of architectural models is increased by populating them; and, as well, it allows to preserve the intangible heritage describing how people in historical times behaved. We present a case study, where we create an interactive real-time scenario of a virtual audience in an ancient Roman odeon in Aphrodisias. Based on historical sources, we reconstruct both the building and the people. Inhabited virtual heritage applications require careful balancing of computational resources between the visualization of environment and the visualization of people. We describe several techniques that allow us to achieve high visual quality for a large number of virtual humans rendered together with a complex architectural model while still keeping interactive framerates. An important part of the heritage recontruction is the authoring, we propose a comprehensive framework for authoring of crowd scenarios.
A Cultural Heritage Repository as Source for Learning Materials
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Patel, Manjula; Walczak, Krzysztof; Giorgini, Fabrizio; White, Martin; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
We discuss a system for the digital capture of museum artefacts which are accumulated into a multimedia repository comprising 3D models, images, video and sound clips as well as textual descriptions. A comprehensive set of metadata is recorded and stored alongside these various media with the aim of re-using and re-purposing them for multiple applications. We investigate issues relating to both internal and external interoperability to enable the creation of learning scenarios within the system itself as well as the export of primary multimedia objects into an independent, external Learning Content Management System for the creation of complex Learning Objects.
Developing the Tourism Aspects of a Cultural Route
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Owen, Ruth; Buhalis, Dimitrios; Pletinckx, Daniël; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
A cultural route links destinations that contain illustrations of a common theme, for example religion. It has been reported that the number of cultural routes are increasing. However, to date there is no evidence in the literature of any studies developing a framework which outlines the information visitors may require when following a cultural route. This paper describes a framework which is designed to be used by those responsible for planning and implementing cultural routes. The framework also serves as the structure of a web portal that is intended to act as an example of good practice for other cultural route portals to follow. Keywords: Documentation, Internet, Portal
Digital reconstruction of the Arrigo VII funerary complex
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Baracchini, C.; Brogi, A.; Callieri, M.; Capitani, L.; Cignoni, P.; Fasano, A.; Montani, C.; Nenci, C.; Novello, R. P.; Pingi, P.; Ponchio, F.; Scopigno, R.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
The results of a project aimed to the study, reconstruction and presentation to the public of a monument disassembled and dispersed, the mausoleum of the emperor Arrigo VII, are presented here. We used modern 3D graphics for the acquisition of accurate digital models of all the elements of the funerary complex, to draw hypothesis on its original architecture, and finally to present all this knowledge to the museum public. Issues emerged during 3D scanning are discussed. The multimedia museum presentation was implemented with an interactive visualization system, which was extended to manage standard multimedia data together with 3D geometry.
Digital representation and multimodal presentation of archeological graffiti at Pompei
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Balzani, M.; Callieri, M.; Fabbri, M.; Fasano, A.; Montani, C.; Pingi, P.; Santopuoli, N.; Scopigno, R.; Uccelli, F.; Varone, A.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
Graffiti is a special form of art which gives us important knowledge on culture and social life of a lost civilization. Unfortunately, they are usually engraved on soft and non durable materials. The project described here originated from the request for a new approach to the preservation, study and ubiquitous access to Pompei s graffiti. A multidisciplinary team was setup to design a new methodology to support the digital acquisition, the study and the presentation to the public of this peculiar type of Cultural Heritage. We have investigated the use of 3D scanning technologies and graphics modelling to produce accurate digital reconstructions and to enhance them for an improved readability. The specific issues have been considered and ad hoc solutions have been devised. In terms of presentation, we have provided both visual media (interactive visualization) and physical reproduction, obtained by adopting modern rapid reproduction techniques. The work described is a sort of preliminary feasibility study: we are now planning to apply this methodology on a much wider scale at Pompei.
An environment for the analysis and reconstruction of archaeological objects
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Laugerotte, C.; Warzée, N.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
To assist archaeologists in their work of analysis and reconstruction of archaeological objects from their fragments, several environments have been developped in which virtual fragments can be manipulated. As a part of these environments, an important tool consists in automating the search for correct assemblages between two 3D objects by evaluating their matching surfaces. In this paper, we describe a new environment for computer aided reconstruction of archaeological objects and we propose a new method to estimate the quality of an association based on a surface area evaluation.
Generation of High-Resolution Mosaic for Photo-Realistic Texture-Mapping of Cultural Heritage 3D Models
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Remondino, Fabio; Niederoest, Jana; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
The work investigates the problem of how information contained in different overlapping images of a scene can be combined to produce larger images of higher quality. The resulted images can be used for different applications like forensic image analysis, computer animation, special effects, 3D model texture mapping or panorama mosaic. In our case, high-resolution image mosaics of mural frescos are required for the texturing of a 3D model that will be used in a movie production. We developed a novel method for the derivation of a high quality mosaic using multi-resolution and multi-temporal images acquired from arbitrary positions and cameras. This method named constrained mesh-wise affine transformation allows for seamless enhancement of the scene in the areas where higher resolution images are available. In this paper, we also discuss alternative procedures for the texture mapping of a 3D model using existing multi-resolution and multi-temporal imagery. The work has been done within a project aimed at a virtual and physical reconstruction of the destroyed Buddha statues of Bamiyan, Afghanistan.
Generative Parametric Design of Gothic Window Tracery
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Havemann, Sven; Fellner, Dieter W.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
Gothic architecture, and especially window tracery, exhibits quite complex geometric shape configurations. But this complexity is achieved by combining only a few basic geometric patterns. We present some principles of this long-standing domain, together with some delicate details, and show how the constructions of some prototypic Gothic windows can be formalized using our Generative Modeling Language (GML). The emphasis of our procedural approach is on modularization, so that complex configurations can be obtained from combining elementary constructions. Different combinations of specific parametric features can be grouped together, which leads to the concept of styles. They permit to differentiate between the basic shape and its appearance, i.e., in a particular ornamental decoration. This leads to an extremely compact representation for a whole class of shapes, which can nevertheless be quickly evaluated to obtain a connected manifold mesh of a particular window instance. The resulting mesh may also contain free-form surface parts, represented as subdivision surfaces.
iClay: Digitizing Cuneiform
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Cohen, Jonathan; Duncan, Donald; Snyder, Dean; Cooper, Jerrold; Kumar, Subodh; Hahn, Daniel; Chen, Yuan; Purnomo, Budirijanto; Graettinger, John; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
Advances in digital technology for the graphic and textual representation of manuscripts have not, until recently, been applied to the world's oldest manuscripts, cuneiform tablets. This is due in large part both to the three-dimensional nature of cuneiform tablets and to the complexity of the cuneiform script system. The Digital Hammurabi Project and the Initiative for Cuneiform Encoding announce success in encoding Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform in Unicode while also demonstrating advances in 3D scanning and visualization of cuneiform tablets, showcased by iClay, a cross-platform, Internet-deployable, Java applet that allows for the viewing and manipulation of 2D+ images of cuneiform tablets.
Identifying technologies used in Cultural Heritage
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Owen, Ruth; Buhalis, Dimitrios; Pletinckx, Daniël; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
There are a growing number of Information Communication Technology (ICT) applications in cultural heritage. However despite funding constraints, projects often involve similar or even duplicate work carried out at the same site. This emphasizes the need for an enterprise whose purpose is to coordinate research projects in this field. The EPOCH programme has been established to address this requirement. This paper focuses on the development of a diagram depicting the technologies used in cultural heritage research from papers presented at VAST 2003. The aim of this paper is to draw together technologies currently being used by researchers in the cultural heritage sector in order to direct future research in this field.
Image-Based Registration of 3D-Range Data Using Feature Surface Elements
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Bendels, Gerhard Heinrich; Degener, Patrick; Wahl, Roland; Körtgen, Marcel; Klein, Reinhard; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
Digitizing real-life objects via range scanners, stereo vision or tactile sensors usually requires the composition of multiple range images. In this paper we exploit intensity images often recorded with the range data and propose a fully automatic registration technique using 2D-image features with intrinsic scale information for finding corresponding points on the 3D-views. In our approach, the fine registration of two range images is performed by first aligning the feature points themselves, followed by a so-called constrained-domain alignment step. In the latter, rather than feature points, we consider feature surface elements that are derived using the scale information inherently established with the 2D-features. The global registration error is minimized using graph relaxation techniques to mediate the transformations required to align the multiple range images. We demonstrate the power and feasibility of our method by a case-study in the cultural heritage domain.
Interactive Cloth Editing and Simulation in Virtual Reality Applications for Theater Professionals
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Koutsonanos, D.; Moustakas, K.; Tzovaras, D.; Strintzis, M. G.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
This paper presents an efficient framework for the interactive simulation and editing of clothing over avatars. Specifically, a very efficient costume designer application is proposed based on new developments in cloth modeling simulation and animation. To animate cloth an hierarchical simulator is used, which speeds up the simulation without loosing in accuracy. Enhanced interaction potentiality is provided to the application user, using haptic devices with 6DOF for interaction. Furthermore, the user is capable of editing the cloth mesh, thus generating alternative versions of it, which could be more appropriate for a costume designer application. The mesh editing is performed so as to assure the stability of the simulation and the realism of the application. In order to validate the usability of our application, a number of case studies were conducted, which showed that the present system is efficient, user friendly and realistic. Keywords: Interactive cloth modeling, cloth editing, virtual reality applications, theater professionals, haptic
An Interactive Visualisation Interface for Virtual Museums
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Liarokapis, F.; Sylaiou, S.; Basu, A.; Mourkoussis, N.; White, M.; Lister, P.F.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
Cultural institutions, such as museums are particularly interested in making their collections accessible to people with physical disabilities. New technologies, such as Web3D and augmented reality (AR) can aid museums to respond to this challenge by building virtual museums accessible over the Internet or through kiosks located in accessible places within the museum. In this paper, we propose a prototype user-friendly visualisation interface that uses Web3D and AR techniques to visualise cultural heritage artefacts for virtual museum exhibitions. User interactions within the virtual museum are performed in an effective way with the help of assistive technology, so that users can feel completely related with the virtual museum artefacts and so benefit in terms of education and entertainment.
The Museum of Pure Form: touching real statues in an immersive virtual museum
(The Eurographics Association, 2004) Loscos, C.; Tecchia, F.; Frisoli, A.; Carrozzino, M.; Widenfeld, H. Ritter; Swapp, D.; Bergamasco, M.; Y. Chrysanthou and K. Cain and N. Silberman and F. Niccolucci
In the Museum of Pure Form, we explore a novel way of presenting art to visitors of a museum, allowing them to virtually touch artefacts in a virtual museum. In order to realise this the statues are first digitised with a scanner so that they can be placed in a virtual museum. The virtual museum is then displayed on a 3D stereo screen. The visitor uses a purpose-built two-contact-point haptic device, mounted on an exoskeleton, to explore the shape of a piece of art which the visitor would otherwise be forbidden to touch in a conventional museum. We have tested such an installation in a CAVE-like system. The results show that the users are in favour of using a haptic device in this context.

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